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1、AbstractCross-cultural Communication (International Communication or cross cultural communications) refers to the communication of people from different cultural backgrounds. In cross-cultural communication, incorrect pronunciation, grammar or vocabulary mistakes are likely to lead to mutual misunde
2、rstanding and communication barriers. However, when the pronunciation and the grammar are correct, the obstacles will be continue to occur due to the fact that one side cannot express their ideas accurately, or lack of response to the other side of the topic, or some words seem too domineering, etc.
3、 At present, cross-cultural communication has been regarded as an comprehensive discipline combining of anthropology, linguistics, psychology, communication studies, sociology and other disciplines by international scholars. Todays world is an era of globalization, people from different cultural bac
4、kgrounds having more and more communication, intercultural communication is becoming more and more important. In this paper, two types of the understanding obstacles in intercultural communication, failures in cross-cultural communication process because of the language difference, or because of the
5、 cultural difference barriers, general reactions to the problem and some effective solutions were discussed. Key Words: intercultural communication; understanding obstacles; cultural differences中文摘要跨文化交际（国际交流或跨文化交际）是指不同的文化背景的人们之间的沟通。跨文化沟通，即跨文化交际，不正确发音，语法和词汇的错误可能导致相互误解和沟通障碍。但是，当语音和语法是正确的，障碍会继续产生由于一方不
6、能准确表达自己的思想；要么对对方的话题缺乏反应；要么说话口气过于肯定或是显得盛气凌人等。目前，跨文化交际学已发展成为一门被国际学者们充分重视的集人类学、语言学、心理学、传播学、社会学等为一体的综合性学科。今天的世界是一个全球化的时代，有越来越多的来自不同文化背景的人沟通，跨文化的沟通变得越来越重要。本文就跨文化交际过程中，对交际双方由于文化间的差异而造成交际障碍，导致交际失败的原因及一些有效的解决办法进行了探讨。关键词：跨文化交际；理解的障碍；文化差异1.IntroductionThe so-called cross-cultural communication, that is, diffe
7、rent cultural backgrounds come together to share ideas, feelings and information. The study of intercultural communication first rise in the United States. The United States is a country of immigrants, a country where cultural collisions occurred. Immigrants from all around the world have emphasized
8、 and maintain their own culture, thus forming United States multi-cultural patterns. Since then on cross-cultural communication caused concern of scholars and all walks of lives in the U.S. Japan, who do not want to be left behind, took the lead in convening the first session of the Intercultural Co
9、mmunication International Symposium in 1972 in Tokyo, which was attended by over 2000 people. Then，in 1974, the Intercultural Education Training and Research Institute (SIETAR, Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research) in the United States was officially launched. Our research in c
10、ross-cultural communication started relatively late. Famous linguistic professor Hu Wenzhong from Beijing Foreign Studies University, began to engage in cross-cultural communication studies in the early 80s. He has compiled the publication of Intercultural Communication Studies, Cross-cultural and L
11、inguistic Communication, and many other books. At present, cross-cultural communication has been regarded as an comprehensive discipline combining of anthropology, linguistics, psychology, communication studies, sociology and other disciplines by international scholars. ( Guo Taotao, 2004:118) In cr
12、oss-cultural communication, the incorrect pronunciation, syntax errors or insufficient vocabulary are likely to lead to misunderstanding or communication barriers. However, when the pronunciation is correct, the exchange among non-native speakers and native speakers will continue to create an obstac
13、le: either because of their inability on expressing their own ideas accurately; or because of any communicating party who is lack of response to the topic; or because of the tone of voice which is too strong or too arrogant, etc,. These acts are often be regarded as uneducated performance by native
14、speakers or be regarded as an affronting and insulting performance, which lead to misunderstanding and even hatred, eventually lead to communication failure. This obstacle in cross-cultural communication process, linguists call it cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure. (Liu Jinfang: 2005:88) This concept
15、 was introduced by a cultural anthropologist Oberg in the United States as early as the 20th century, and become popular after 50 years. Through all access to different cultural environments, people will experience culture shock that caused by obstacles, but the degree varies. In Laymans terms, a pe
16、rson from one place migrate to another, the original familiar set of symbols, customs, behavior patterns, social relations and values is replaced by another new set of unfamiliar symbols, customs, behavior patterns, social relations, values replaced, thus lead to the psychological anxiety, emotional instability, and even depressed. In severe cases, a variety of psychological and physical diseases, and even mental disorders and suicides will be produced.
