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1、二轮语法复习之三大从句定语从句一、概念导图二、规律点拨（一）定语从句易错点提醒时间地点原因的名词如不做状语，而是做主语、宾语、或者表语时，须用关系代词that /which来引导而不是用where/when/why 等。 May 1 is the day that/which I will never forget.（that在后forget的宾语）Cf. May 1 is the day when all labourers enjoy themselves.（when 作状语）The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that /which) peo
2、ple all over the world look forward to visiting.（that或which在后做visit的宾语）Is this the reason that he gave us for being late?（that在后做gave的直接宾语）只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时。3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时。4 先行词既指人又
3、指物时。5 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。6. 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时。当先行词是situation, point, case, stage等表示某种情景、状况时，常用where或in which引导定语从句。Can you imagine a situation where/ in which you can use the word? Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句差异比较类 别语法
4、意义及特征限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。（三）分隔式定语从句 分隔式定语从句一般来说,定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后,但有时定语从句和先行词会被介词短语或其他成分分隔,干扰了考生判断句子的结构。I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.（四）as和which
5、在定语从句中的区别用法限制性定语从句中名词前有such, as, so和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which. 如：Ive never seen as clever a student as he (is). 非限制性定语从句中当as和which 引导非限定性定语从句时,可指代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。其区别是: 1. as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句不能放在主句之前; As everyone expected，the England team won the football match. 2. 当从句的谓语动词是
6、be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被动形式,或usually happen、be often the case等表示主语的习惯性或司空见惯之意时,常用as; 3. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或具有否定意义时,一般用which而不用as。如：The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgraced.名词性从句一、概念导图1二、规律点拨1名词性从句的功用种 类作 用常用关联词主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词
7、，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后从属连词：that, whether, if, 连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whoever, whichever, whomever连接副词：when, where, why, how表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后宾语从句在复合句中做动词或介词宾语，相当于名词同位语从句放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容2、易混淆的引导词的区别 类 别说 明what与th
8、at的区别what表示“所的(东西)”之意,相当于“the +名词+ that /which”或“all that”,可指代不确定的事物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;而that在名词性从句中只起引导作用,不表达任何意思。whether与if的区别两者都表示“是否”,都可引导宾语从句,但下列情况只能用whether:引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时;位于句首时;后跟or not时;作某些及物动词(如discuss、decide、argue等词)的宾语时;与不定式连用时;作介词的宾语时。因此,若if与whether同时出现在选项中,当表示“是否”之意时,一般情况下舍if选whether。wh-
9、与wh-ever的区别wh-ever引导宾语从句时,含有“无论”之意,其引导宾语从句时无疑问意义,而wh-多有疑问之意。no matter + wh-与wh-ever的区别no matter + wh-只能引导让步状语从句;而wh-ever既可引导状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。同位语从句和定语从句的区别前者是对前面的某一名词的内容进行解释或说明；后者一般是对某一名词进行修饰限定。注意：that引导定语从句时要充当句子成分，定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。如在I had no idea that you were here句中th
10、at引导同位语从句，不能省略。 而Have you got the idea (that) this book reveals of life in ancient Greece? 中that引导定语从句，指代the idea,作reveal的宾语，可以省略。3、名词性从句需要关注的考点：易考点说 明It作形式主语的常见结构(1) It + be +形容词（necessary/important/obvious）+ that从句。 (2) It + be + 过去分词(believed/reported/ decided) + that从句。 (3) It + be +名词+ that从句。例
11、如: It is a fact that . (事实是)It is a surprise that . (令人惊奇的是); It is common knowledge that . (是常识)。 (4) It +不及物动词+ that从句。例如:It appears that . (似乎); It happens that . (碰巧); It occurred to me that . (我突然想起)等。 It作形式宾语的常见结构(1) 用在“动词+ it + 补足语(常为形容词)+宾语从句”的句式中。常见的用it作形式宾语的谓语动词有believe; find; make; guess;
12、 suppose等。 (2)某些及物动词或短语不能直接加宾语从句,此时用it作形式宾语,然后再接宾语从句,常用于这种结构的动词有like、dislike、hate、appreciate等。 具体为“动词+ it + 从句”。that的省略 一般来讲，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that不可省略。而在宾语从句中的that可以省略，但下列情况一般不省略：当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略；由it作形式宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时；当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。 从句与先行词的分隔这种情况多见于同位语从句。为了保持句
13、子平衡，从句与先行词往往被介词短语、副词或谓语等分开。 看题时必须分析好句子结构。从句语序名词性从句永远是陈述句的形式。连词和状语从句 【点拨提升】一、概念导图：二、规律点拨各种状语从句连词及用法概览种 类连接词及用法注意点时 间状 语when当时候be about to do sth whenbe doing sth whenbe on the point of doing sth when主句谓语表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。在当时，在那时既然while当时候 While
14、 reading, do be careful with the writers tone.表示对比，然而 He is playing while she is washing.尽管 While he had worked hard, he failed again.as一边一边，同时发生动/名/形/副+as+主+谓 尽管as+形/副+as 像一样before在之前It will be +一段时间+before+sb do sthIt was +一段时间+before+sb did sth过多久才没多久就未等到sinceIt is/has been +一段时间+since sb did sth
15、It was +一段时间+since sb had done sthafter过后until, till 直到not.until直到才by the time 到为止 （与过去完成时、将来完成时连用）as soon as= the moment=the minute=immediately=directlyinstantly= hardlywhen= no soonerthan 一就 each/every time+从句 每次地点状语where, wherever引导的状语从句修饰动词或动词词组或句子。Youd better make a mark where you have any doubts.where引导的定语从句，修饰的是名词，放在名词后。Youd better make a mark in the place where you hav
