本科生毕业论文《雾都孤儿》——批判现实主义的力作院 系： 外国语学院 专 业： 英 语 Oliver Twist-----A Masterpiece of Critical Realism摘要维多利亚时代是英国现实主义小说的辉煌时代，查尔斯·狄更斯是英国十九世纪最杰出的批判现实主义作家狄更斯从民主资本主义和人道主义的立场出发，揭露英国社会丑恶和不公，批判资本主义制度他的作品主要以写实笔法揭露上层社会和资产阶级的虚伪、贪婪和凶残，并对贫苦人民的不幸，特别是妇女、儿童和老人的悲惨处境，表示了极大的同情《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第一部结构严谨，情节连贯的批判现实主义小说,它以资本主义社会为背景，描写了英国伦敦贫苦儿童的悲惨生活本文将全面阐述《雾都孤儿》这部小说创作的历史背景、社会环境和人物特征，分析狄更斯《雾都孤儿》批判现实主义的创作用意和艺术特征，进而挖掘批判现实主义对西方文学的影响及贡献关键词：查尔斯·狄更斯；雾都孤儿；批判现实主义Abstract Victorian age is a magnificent time of the English realistic novels. Charles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism in the nineteenth century. Dickens exposed the chief traits of English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic and humanistic viewpoint. His works expose the social upper classes and bourgeois hypocrisy, greed, ruthlessness, and show deepest sympathy with the lower class, especially women, children and the elderly. Oliver Twist is Dickens first structured and coherent realistic novel. It takes the English capitalist society as the background, describing the miserable life of London poor children. Based on the study of the creation background, social environment and characters of Oliver Twist, this essay is to analyze the writer's intention and artistic characteristics in Oliver Twist. Furthermore, the paper further studies the impact and the contribution that the critical realism made on western literature. Key Words: Charles Dickens; Oliver Twist; Critical Realism Table of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I摘要 IIABSTRACT IIITABLE OF CONTENTS IVCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1CHAPTER 2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO OLIVER TWIST 42.1 The Synopsis of the Novel 42.2 Literature Review 52.3 The Comments of the Novel 6CHAPTER 3 CRITICAL REALISM IN OLIVER TWIST 83.1 The Definition of Critical Realism 83.2 Charles Dickens--- the Greatest English Realist 93.3 The Critical Realism in Oliver Twist 103.3.1 Condemnation of the Decay in the Society 113.3.2Condemnation of the New Poor Law 123.3.3 Critical View of the Capitalistic System 133.3.4 Critical View of the Morality of Money Worship 13CHAPTER 4 THE WRITING SKILLS OF CRITICAL REALISM IN OLIVER TWIST 154.1 Characters’ Creation 154.2 Humor and Satire 164.3 Profound Symbol 17CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 19BIBLIOGRAPHY 211本科毕业论文Chapter 1 IntroductionDuring the reign of Queen Victoria, the English novel came of age, swiftly, and dramatically. One innovation of Victorian novelists was Realism, which presented a detailed portrait of life in nineteenth century England. Many factors explain the rise of novels as a dominant genre during the Victorian age. First, England grew from an agricultural country into an industrialized one and became the workshop of the world as well as its financial and political center. Second, the writing had become a profession, which made it possible for the writers to make a living by writing. Third, the conditions of the time, the terrible poverty on the one hand and the enormous wealth on the other hand needed a secular form to explore human relations rather than sermons given in church. The Victorian novelists were primarily concerned with people in society and with their relation to other people. And the function of a novelist was also extended from mere description and moralization to social criticism. All the evils of the existing institutions －government, law, church, education, and penal systems, with their injustice and corruption and the wretchedness were inflicted by bourgeois. Many of the great novels of the day were rousing popular successes. Cui Tong (2010) pointed out that for a great artist, he should live with the people and maintain closely ties, which reflected in the creation of the principle to follow, and then he will certainly reflect the nature of some aspect in his works. In the nineteenth century, novelists are generally known as critical realists. The novels explored the condition of the poor and the manners of the society, satirized the individuals or institution, advocated social reforms, and providing diversion for people of all levels. Wang Lei(2007) states that in their works, the greed and hypocrisy and corruption of the upper class were contrasted with the honesty and kind-heartedness of the obscure common people of the lower classes. Humor and satire are the very important characteristic of the English realistic novels.With regard to the literary form the major contribution made by the nineteenth century critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel. The realistic novels not only pictured the conflicts between separate individuals who stood for definite social status, but also showed broad social conflicts above the fate of mere individuals. Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray are regarded as the greatest of the Victorian period. 。