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1、常见英汉对照有机基名表acetamido CH3CONH 乙酰氨基 acetenyl = ethynyl CHC 乙炔基acetoacetyl CH3COCH2CO 乙酰乙酰基;3氧丁酰基acetonyl CH3COCH2 丙酮基;乙酰甲基 acetonylidene CH3COCH= 亚丙酮基acetoxy CH3COO 乙酸基;乙酰氧基 acetyl CH3CO 乙酰(基)acetylene CHCH 乙炔 =CHCH= 双亚乙基 acryloyl CH2=CHCO 丙烯酰alkoxy RO (R=烷基或烃基)烷氧基 allyl CH2=CHCH2 烯丙基;allyl = isoprope
2、nyl CH2=C(CH3) ;烯丙基;异丙烯基allylidene CH2=CHCH= 亚烯丙基 allyloxy CH2=CHCH2O 烯丙氧基amido H2N 严格说来此项英文名只能用来表示酰基上的氨基,但是英文常与amino混用氨基amino H2N氨基 amyl = pentyl CH3(CH2)4戊基tert-amyl = 1,1;dimethylpropyl CH3CH3C(CH3)2 特戊基azido N3 叠氮基 azo N=N 偶氮基azoxy N(O)N 氧化偶氮基 benzal = benzylidene 苯亚甲基benzamido C6H5CONH 苯甲酰氨基ben
3、zenesulfinyl(参阅phenyleulfinyl)C6H5SO 苯亚磺酰benzenesulfonamido C6H5SO2NH 苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonyl C6H5SO2 苯磺酰benzhydryl = diphenylmethylene 二苯甲基benzhydrylidene = diphenylmethylene 二苯亚甲基benzofuryl = benzofuranyl 苯并呋喃基;氧茚基benzoxy = benzoyloxy苯甲酸基;苯甲酰氧基benzoyl C6H5CO 苯甲酰benzoylene C6H5CO(o、m或p)亚苯甲酰基(邻、间或对)ben
4、zoyloxy C6H5COO 苯甲酸基;苯甲酰氧基benzyl C6H5CH2 苄基;苯甲基benzylidene C6H5CH= 苯亚甲基benzylidyne C6H5C 次苄基benzyloxy C6H5CH2O苄氧基benzylthio C6H5CH2S苄硫基;苯甲硫基biphenylene C6H4C6H4 亚联苯基biphenylenebisazo N=NC6H4C6H4N=N 联苯重氮亚基biphenylylcarbonyl C6H5C6H4CO 联苯羰基biphenylyloxy C6H5C6H4O 联苯氧基bromo Br 溴butadienyl CH2=CHCH=CH 丁
5、间二烯基;1,3丁二烯基1butenyl CH3CH2CH=CH 丁烯基;1丁烯基2butenyl CH3CH=CHCH2 丁邻烯基;2丁烯基3butenyl CH2=CH(CH2)2 丁间烯基;3丁烯基2butenyleneCH2CH=CHCH2 1,4亚丁2烯基butenylidene CH3CH=CHCH= 亚丁2烯基butenylidyne CH3CH=CHC 次丁2烯基butoxy CH3(CH2)2CH2O 丁氧基sec-butoxy C2H5CH(CH3)O 仲丁氧基tert-butoxy (CH3)3CH2O 叔丁氧基butyl CH3(CH2)2CH2 丁基sec-butyl
6、 C2H5CH(CH3) 仲丁基tert-butyl (CH3)3C 叔丁基butyryl CH3CH2CH2CO 丁酰caproyl = hexanoyl 己酰capryl = decanoyl 癸酰capryloyl = octanoyl 辛酰carbamyl = carbamoyl H2NCO 氨(基)甲酰carbomethoxy = methoxycarbonyl 甲酯基;甲氧羰基carbonyl OC= 羰基;碳酰carboxy HOOC 羧基chloro Cl 氯代;氯基chloroformyl ClCO 氯甲酰;氯羰基cinnamenyl = styryl 苯乙烯基cinnamy
7、l C6H5CH=CHCH2 肉桂基cresoxy = tolyloxy 甲苯氧基(邻、间或对)cresyl = ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl 甲苯基(邻、间或对)crotonyl = crotonoyl 巴豆酰基cyano NC 氰基cyclobutyl C4H7 环丁基cycloheptyl C7H13 环庚基2,4cyclohexadienyl CH2CH=CHCH=CHCH 2,4-环己二烯基cyclohexenyl C6H9 (3种异构物)环己(邻、间、对)烯基cyclohexyl C6H11 环己基cyclopentadienyl C5H5 环戊二烯基cyclopen
8、tenyl C5H7 环戊烯基cyclopentyl C5H9 环戊基cyclopropyl C3H5 环丙基cystyl COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO 胱氨基decanoyl CH3(CH2)8CO 癸酰decyl CH3(CH2)8CH2 癸基diazo N=N 或 N=N= 重氮基diazoamino N=NNH 重氮亚氨基diazonium (NN) 重氮(化)dimethylamino (CH3)2N 二甲氨基diphenylmethyl (C6H5)2CH 二苯甲基dithio SS 二硫代dodecyl CH3(CH2)10CH2 十二(烷)基dotria
9、contyl CH3(CH2)30CH2 三十二(烷)基cicosyl CH3(CH2)18CH2 二十烷基epithio S 环硫;表硫;桥硫基联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上epoxy O 环氧;表氧;桥氧基联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上ethene=ethylene 乙烯 1,2-亚乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl 乙烯基ethoxy C2H5O 乙氧基ethoxycarbonyl C2H5OOC 乙酯基;乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl (C2H5O)C6H4 乙氧苯基ethyl CH3CH2 乙基ethylamino C2H5NH 乙胺基
10、ethylene CH2CH2乙烯 1,2-乙基ethylenedioxy OCH2CH2O 亚乙二氧基ethylidene CH3CH= 亚乙基ethylidyne CH3C 次乙基ethylthio CH3CH2S 乙硫基ethynyl CHC 乙炔基fluoto F 氟代formamido OHCNH 甲酰胺基formyl OHC 甲酰fomryloxy HCOO 甲酸基;甲酰氧基fumaryl COCH=CHCO 富马酰;(反式)丁二烯酰furyl OC4H3 呋喃基两种异构物geranyl C10H17 牦牛儿基glucosvl C6H11O5 葡(萄)糖基glyceryl CH2C
11、HCH2 甘油基;丙三基glyoxylyl = glyoxyloyl 乙醛酰hendecyl = undecyl 十一(烷)基heneicosyl CH3(CH2)19CH2 二十一(烷)基hentriacontyl CH3(CH2)29CH2 三十一(烷)基heptacosyl CH3(CH2)25CH2 二十七(烷)基heptadecanoyl CH3(CH2)15CO 十七(烷)酰heptadecyl CH3(CH2)15CH2 十七(烷)基heptanoyl CH3(CH2)5CO2 庚酰heptyl CH3(CH2)5CH2 庚基hexacontyl CH3(CH2)58CH2 六十
12、(烷)基hexacosyl CH3(CH2)24CH2 二十六(烷)基hexadecanoyl CH3(CH2)14CO 十六(烷)酰hexadecyl CH3(CH2)14CH2 十六(烷)基hexamethylene CH2(CH2)4CH2 六亚甲基;1.6-亚己基hexanoyl CH3(CH2)4CO 己酰hexyl CH3(CH2)4CH2 己基hexylidene CH3(CH2)5CH= 亚己基histidyl N2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO 组氨酰hydrazino H2NNH 肼基;联氨基hydrazo NHNH 1,2-亚肼基hydrazono H2NN= 亚肼基;
13、亚联氨基hydroxamino = hydroxyamino 羟氨基hydroximino = hydroxyimino 肟基hydroxy HO 羟基hydroxyamino HONH 羟氨基hydroxymethyl HOCH2 羟甲基-idene 亚加于任何一个基名之前,表示在联结处为双键iodo I 碘代isoamyl = isopentyl 异戊基isobutenyl = 2-methylpropenyl 异丁烯基;2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy (CH3)2CHCH2O 异丁氧基原名 作取代基 作官能团烷烃:hydrocarbon alkyl烯烃:alkenes alkenyl炔
14、烃:alkynes alkynyl卤代烃:alkyl halides氟:fluorine fluoro氯:chlorine chloro溴:bromine bromo碘:iodine iodo酚:pehnols hydroxy -ol醇:alcohols hydroxy -ol醚:ethers R-oxy -ether胺:amines amino -amine醛:aldehydes R-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde酮:ketones R-oxycarbonyl -one羟酸:carboxylic acid carboxy -carboxylicacacid(含碳)-oicacid(不含碳)酰卤:actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide(含碳)-oylhalide(不含碳)