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1、在英语句中，语序有两种：一是正常语序又叫自然语序即主语在前，谓语在后，这也是我们在学习英语各大从句所要求的，也是符合汉语语言思维的。另一种是倒装语序即谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语的前面，这是由于在进行口语或书面交流过程中表达的需要，要么平衡句子，语法结构的需要；要么行文需要强调以增强表达效果，或者二者兼而有之。比如：Do you speak English? 这是英语中最常见的倒装语序。英语的一般疑问句就是通过把谓语的一部分提到主语前面而达到疑问的目的（而汉语则是陈述句后加“吗？”；日语通过加“力”）；又比如：Growing on both sides of the road are frui
2、t trees. Gone are days when women were treated as second citizens. 都是比较典型的例句。还有，在写作中同学们喜欢用“Only in this way can we prevent this kind of disease from spreading.”来作总结句以提高表达效果。因此，倒装句作为非正常句值得研究。 下面我们就探究一下它内在的规律：倒装句分为部分倒装和完全倒装两种。部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分置于主语前即助动词（do, does, did, have,had)，be动词或者具有助动词功能的词（如can, may等情态
3、动词。完全倒装则是谓语全部置于主语前。如：Here comes the bus. 一. 部分倒装1.当only+状语（从句）置于句首时，（主句）使用部分倒装。注意：必须能清楚“状语”的概念1). Only once in history has the same man held the two high offices of President and Chief Justice of the United States. 历史上只有一次，同一个人拥有美国的总统和最高法官这两个高级职务。（ once 副词 “一次”） 2). Only in that way will we be ready
4、 for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有这样我们才能保证自己对生活中的挑战和机遇有充分的准备。( in this way 介词短语“用这种方法”）3). Only with combination of consideration, courage and confidence can we get over any difficulty. 因此，只有把思考、勇气和信心这三者结合起来，我们才能战胜一切困难。( with combination of consideration, courage and confidence 介词短语)4)
5、. Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。 ( if the case is urgent 是条件状语从句）2.当否定副词或具有否定意义的介词短语或从句位于句首时，（主句）句子为部分倒装语序。这类的副词以及短语有：seldom, rarely, scarcely, little, no, not, nowhere,by no means, in no way, at no time, in no case等。e.g1
6、) No longer was she so gentle, so relaxed and easy-going. 她不再这样温柔、这样轻松、这样容易相处了。2) Little did they know the wonderful surprise that was in store for them!对于正在等待着他们的惊奇，他们则知之甚少。3) Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 这样一个安静、优美的地方你到哪儿找去呀。4) By no means shall I misunderst
7、and you. 我决不会误解你。5) At no time should we give up study though we have made great progress. 尽管我们已经取得很大进步，但是，也不应该停止学习。注意：要熟练掌握并运用以下4个经典句型：Not only. but also., Not until., . No sooner. than., HardlyScarcely. when.1) Not until years later did I realize that Peter Beatus had given me a more important gif
8、t. 直到几年之后我才意识到皮特?贝特斯送给我的是一件更加重要的礼物。2) Scarcely had I arrived when he came out to meet me. 我刚一到他就出来迎接我。( 注意： 主句的过去完成时态）3) No sooner had he arrived than she started complaining. 他一到她就开始抱怨。4) Not only will Australians never try to wipe out flies, but also they will protect them as they protect other an
9、imals. 澳大利亚人不但从不消灭苍蝇，而且还会像保护其它动物那样去保护它们。3. So 修饰形容词或者副词，such修饰名词并位于句首时， 主句使用部分倒装。1）So convinced was I of that womans being her mother that I wanted no evidence to establish the fact in my mind. 那位妇女是她的母亲，这一点我深信不疑，心里也不想再找任何证据来证明这个事实。2）Such a noise was there that I couldnt work in the room. 房间里噪音这么大，我
10、没法工作。3）So tired was he after a whole days hard work that he could hardly stand. 经过一整天的辛苦劳动，他累得几乎站不住了。4）So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。如果说以上3种倒装都发生在主句里，那么以下两种却在从句中进行而且各具特点。4. as引导的倒装句: as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的
11、单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如：1）Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。（tired adj. 作表语）2）Try as he would, he couldnt open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。（try vi. )3）Search as they would, they would find nob
12、ody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。4）Hard as (though) they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. (hard adv. 努力地）5）Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。（boy 前省略冠词）5. If 引导的虚拟条件句中，引导词if的省略。如果在条件句中有助动词should, were和had, 省略引导词if，把助动词提前。1）Were I a teacher (=ifI were a teach
13、er), what would you do then?2）Had we made adequate preparations (= if we had made), the party would have been a success.If you had followed the teachers advice, you might have passed the test. 改写：_.If I were a billionaire, I would buy you a villa.（如果我是亿万富翁，我就给你买别墅。）改写：_If it should rain tomorrow，we
14、wouldnt go to the sea.改写：_.注意：在下列句子中should 表示“万一”，依然可以进行“if”的省略倒装。Should you be interested (if you are),I have a book on the subject you might like to see.Should you need any help (=if you need anyhelp), you can always phone me at the office.以上是对倒装句部分倒装五大经典结构的分析与说明，使用时可根据自己的学习情况填充更丰富的内容.巩固练习： 1. Not
15、 until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 2. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 3. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left. A. had I got，when B. I had got，than C. had I got，than D. did I get，when 4. _ today, he would get there by Sunday. A. Would he l
