新译林八年级上册8A Unit1-8 语法总结语法形容词/副词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级最高级表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……”① 形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成a. 规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变y加; more/ most b. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarther, furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest②比较级前的修饰语still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型① A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。
一样）He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高 He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师② A≠ B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与不一样）They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多I’ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车③ A > B 或A < B A + V + 比较级 + than + B （比Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大④ 表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/… + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/…）This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。
The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大⑤ 表示程度的递增主语 + V + 比较级+ and+比较级 (…越来越…) 主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (…越来越…) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了⑥ 表示两种情况同时变化The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …(…越…越…) The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.=If we get together more, we’ll be happier.我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.= If you study harder, you’ll be better at English.你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。
⑦ 主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/of… (…是最…之一) Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一⑧ 主语+ V the+ 最高级 + in/of… (…最…) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一⑨ 主语+ V the+ 比较级 + of the two… (…<两者中>较…的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个⑩ 主语+ V 比较级 + than + any other +n. (单数) + in… (…比任何其他的更…)主语+ V 比较级 + than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…)He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。
He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest students in his class.= He is taller than the other students in his class.= He is taller than the others in his class.A+ V + more/ fewer + 可数名词复数+ than B …(A比B 做更多、更少) A+ V + more/ less + 不可数名词复数+ than B …(A比B 做更多、更少) Jhon studies more subjects than Nancy.Jhon比Nancy学更多科目Students in the USA have more weeks off in the summertime than British students.在夏天美国学生比英国学生有更多周不上课12. A+ V + the same （size/ colour/ age...）as + B （A与B一样） My uniform is the same as Simon’s uniform. 我的校服和Simon的校服一样. Millie’s pencil box is the same size as Amy’s pencil box. 我的铅笔盒和Amy的铅笔盒一样大。
A+ V + different from + B （A与B不一样） Kitty’s rubber is different from Simon’s rubber. Kitty的橡皮和Simon的橡皮不一样反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself/herself/itselfthemselves（1）作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人它在句中作宾语，不能省略，否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句如：He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语 She was talking to herself.她自言自语He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下2）作主语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。
如：Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易itself作主语the work的同位语)Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗？(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语)（3）作表语：在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常如：I’m not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服 I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔祈使句讲解一、祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事祈使句的句末一般用感叹号，但是有些祈使句的语气较弱，可以用句号结尾 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，例：Go and wash your hands. 例如：保持肃静！ Be kind to our sister. Watch your steps. 表示禁止的句式有：不准、不要、别、No parking. 二、表现形式 ●肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。
如:Please have a seat here. 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你●否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don\'t构成，如:Don\'t forget me!Don\'t be late for school! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don\'t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”如:Don\'t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句如:No smoking! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： 1、"let" 的否定句有二如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let......not" （见例(10)）： Don't let this type of things happen again. It's raini。