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1、初中英语简单句的九大基本句型一、简单句的九大基本句型1. “主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“他们”(主语)“到了”(谓语动作)。The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。2. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用
2、以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。例:I study English.分析:“我”(主语)“学习”(谓语动作)“英语”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。3. “主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“我们的老师”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“我们”(间接宾语)“英语”
3、(直接宾语)。4. “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。例: He asked her to go there.分析:“他”(主语)“要求”(谓语动作)“她”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“去那里”(补语补充说明宾语应做什么)。5. “主语 + have + 宾语”(即“拥有”句型)这一句型主要用于说明“某人或某物拥有什么(宾语,即有形或无形的资源)”。例: You have a nice watch. 你有一块漂亮的手表分析:“你”拥有一块漂亮的手表,即你拥有一个可以及时且漂亮的器具。6.
4、 “There + be + 主语+ ”(即“存在”句型)这一句型用以说明“在某地或某时存在某人或物”。例:There is a bird in the tree. 在树上有一只鸟。分析:“在树上”(地点)“有一只鸟”(存在物)。7. “主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell,
5、sound, taste, 等。例: I am a teacher. 我是一名老师分析:“我”(主语)“是”(系动词)“一名老师”(表语即表明主语的身份)。She felt very tired. 她感觉到很累。He became an engineer.他成为了一名工程师。You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天脸色看起来苍白,病了吗?8. 比较句型这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。1) 相等比较: as + 形容词/副词原级 + as;as + 形容词+名词 + as例:He is as rich as John.他和约翰一样富有。例:He has a
6、s much money as she does.他和她的钱一样多2) 劣等比较: less + 形容词/副词原级 + than 例:He is less careful than she. 他没她细心。3) 优等比较:+ 形容词/副词比较级 + than ;the + 形容词/副词比较级 + of the two例:She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。例: He is the cleverer of the two boys.两个男孩中他更聪明些。4)最高级:the + 形容词/副词最高级(单数名词或one)+ of(among) + 人或物in + 场所
7、例: He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。9. “it + is/was + 形容词 + to do/从句”(即评价句型)这一句型用于说明“某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征”。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。(这里it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句)例:It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。分析:本句重在说明“学习一门外语”(to learn a foreign language)这一动作的性质是“重要的”。如何写出英语作文得分的“亮点”以前,英语
8、作文评分的依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定。但是从2001年起实行的高考评分标准强调了内容要点,语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性, 鼓励学生尝试语言表达的多样化和复杂化。因此要写成一篇较有水准的英语作文,除了要点和语言准确度以外,还必须在语用、语法结构以及表达的多样性和灵活性上有所表现。句子单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分,相反,“有些许错误,但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”,给分档次仍在最高档(2125分)。那么,英语作文如何才能得高分呢?以下几种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法,也是得高分的“亮点”。1. 改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最
9、后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。试比较:(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.(修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.(原文) The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.(修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying.2. 在整篇文章中,
10、避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。例如:(1)强调句(原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely.(修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.(2)主从复合句(原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender.(修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.(3)分词短语、由with
11、或without引导的短语(原文) The driver escaped and didnt stop, he left the old man lying on the road.(修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.(4)倒装句(原文) I went to bed at 11:30.(修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.(5)省略句(原文) While you are crossing the street, you should b
12、e careful.(修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful.3. 通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。例如:(原文) He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.(修正) He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.(原文) We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and d
13、anced.(修正) After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.4. 注意连接词与句子的运用。以2001年高考作文为例,在信的开头,可加上“You want to know something about what is going on in schools in China?”这句话起承上启下的作用,使文章过渡自然;再如,用“What was worse?”引出减负前,晚上还要做作业,就寝时间11:30等要点。又如,“Now I have more free time.” 可引出减负后的情况。另外,在信的结尾,可用“H
14、ow about you? Im looking forward to hearing from you.”来自然地结束这封信。5. 使用过渡词语。写好了每个句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因为作为一篇文章,还必须行文连贯。那么,如何使文章行文连贯呢?这就要求我们在组成篇章时,要用好过渡性词语,过渡性词语就像是我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂一样,起着润滑的作用。常用的过渡词语主要有:并列递进:and, also, as well as, besides, whats more, furthermore, moreover, etc.转折:but, yet, however, although, ne
15、vertheless, in spite of, after all, etc.因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result, etc.对比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, instead of, etc.总结:in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in one word, etc.总之,要使文章的层次高,可读性强,考生应增加些较高级的词汇与复杂的结构,并运用恰当的连接词和复合句,只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。写好中考英语作文五大秘诀书面表达是对学生在初中阶段英