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1、主谓一致复习主谓一致的测试热点主谓一致一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间必须在人称、数等方面保持一直关系。英语中最主要的一致关系是主谓一致。在处理一致关系的问题上必须遵循以下三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。一 、 语法一致的原则： 语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况:1.以accompanied by，in addition to，with , together with, along with ，as well as ，rather than ，not, like, but, except, besides, including 等 连
2、接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数与第一个主语一致。例如：考题：1）. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. are C. was D. were2）. A library with five thousand books _ offered to the nation as a gift.A. is B. are3）. She as well as the other teachers _ going to another park.A. is B. are当主语后面跟有介词时，谓语动词应与_ 保持一致2 表示时间，重量，长度，价格，距离，金钱等的复数名词，作主
3、语作为整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Fifty years is not a long time. Only ten minutes was given to the students to prepare the quiz. Thirty years has passed since they parted.3 非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe. Making friends needs mutual understanding. What he said is right. 4 如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词
4、，但前面有each, every, no, many a ，more than one等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.二 意义一致的原则： 意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念,主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 集体名词作主语时1)mankind/ humanity/ man
5、(人类)作主语时2)由people, police, cattle（牛，牲口）,folk，poultry，youth（年轻人）等集体名词作主语时3)family, crowd, class, public, enemy ，board，couple，jury，team，government等集体名词作主语时family, crowd, class, public, enemy ，board，couple，jury，team，government等集体名词作主语时三 、 就近原则： 所谓就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词。1 以eitheror, neitherno
6、r和not onlybut also, not but以及or连接的两个并列主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。例如： Either you or he has to go there with me.2 由there或here引导的倒装句中（有时主语不止一个时），采取就近原则。例如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.四 主谓一致的测试热点1由 many a 或 more than one + 单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。 Many a foreigner has been to the Gr
7、eat Wall. More than one student has visited the exhibition. 2“的几分之几”和“的百分之几” 作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 40 percent of the students in our class are girls. 3“a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数； “ the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。 A number of pupils like readin
8、g picture-books. The number of the students in our class is 55. 4并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。 The writer and poet is famous to us. The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家)5成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee
9、 and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water盐开水, knife and fork刀叉等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。 A knife and fork is on the table. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.Time and tide waits for no man.6在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 I, who am your teacher, will teach you everyth
10、ing I know. 7主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a / this / that+ kind /pair / sort of +名词，谓语用单数形式，主语指的不是一种而是多种，谓语动词用复数。8主语是以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称都属形式复数，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means，species，sheep，deer，series，works单复数同形应视具体情况
11、而定。 Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. A new means of teaching is being used in that school. 10“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 She is the only one of these women who is good at playing the violin. 11主语是表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式。主语是“one or
12、 two + 复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. One or two apples are left 12the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数。如： The rich are not always happy. The new is sure to replace the old.13、下列名词均为不可数名词，需牢记谓语动词用单数形式：advice，equipment，furniture，information，luggage，news，behavior，cash，clothing，fun，knowledge，luck，machinery，lightning，thunder，traffic，weather等。
