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1、Tense & voice时态的种类英语动词有16种时态，现以study为例，列表如下： 体（form）时（time）一般时indefinite进行时continuous完成时perfect完成进行时perfectcontinuous现在present一般现在时studystudies现在进行时amisstudyingare现在完成时have studiedhas现在完成进行时havebeenstudyinghas过去past一般过去时studied过去进行时was studying were过去完成时 hadstudied过去完成进行时had been studying将来Future一般将
2、来时shall studywill将来进行时shall be studyingwill将来完成时shall have studiedwill将来完成进行时shall have been studyingwill过去将来Future in the past过去将来时should studywould过去将来进行时should be studyingwould过去将来完成时should have studiedwould过去将来完成进行时should have been studyingwould一般现在时I learned that the earth around the sun when I
3、 was in primary school. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute; Eg: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 条件：if, unless, provided. If
4、 you will accept my invitation, my family will be pleased.注意：由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。1）The train _at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It _in ten minutes.考点三：下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return，open , close的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。2）倒装句（由here，there开
5、头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作） Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.现在进行时The house is _these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。He is always thinking of his work (赞许)他老是把东西乱扔。He i
6、s constantly leaving his things about.（不满） 他老爱说大话。He is always boasting (厌烦)考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 ,仅限于少量动词：go, come ,leave , start , arrive , return , stay , do, have, see sb off Are you staying here till next week?工作进行的怎么样？How are you getting on with your work?工作进行的相当顺利。The work is going fairly smo
7、othly.你进步很快。Youre making rapid progress.我们想在这里建一座水坝。Were thinking of building a dam here.风挺大Its blowing hard.有人找你接电话。Someone is asking for you on the phone.注意：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie
8、, remain, seem， belong to，depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。现在完成时考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; rec
9、ently, just, already, yet, ever, never, up to now; till now; so far, these days, once, twice, three times Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in/ over / during the past few years/months/weeks/days； for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考
10、点四：用于现在完成时的句型It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.1） This/That / It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 2） This/That / It is the best (worst, most interesting, only ) +名词
11、 that” 后面跟现在完成时。 since的四种用法1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ agoI have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句Great changes have taken place since you left. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句It is two years since I became a postg
12、raduate student.他去过北京。He has been to Beijing.他到北京去了。He has gone to Beijing.have /has been 表示曾到过某地（现在回来了）have /has gone表示已经到某地去了（现在不在说话处）典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it
13、s the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month典型例题1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB.
14、have met C. metD. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street ye
