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1、初一上册英语所有知识点及练习:【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its time for
2、6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can you see? I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. What time is i
3、t? Its.III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Whos on duty
4、 today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词be的用法;2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法;3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法;4. 冠词的基本用法;5. There be句型的用法。【名师讲解】1. in/on 在表达空间位置时,in表达在某个空间的范围以内,on表达在某一个物体的表面之上。例如: There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those (1)this经常用来指在时间、地点上更接近发言人的人和
5、事,these是this的复数形式。that经常用来指在时间、地点上离发言人更远一点的人和事,those时that的复数形式。例如: You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。 Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。 This is mine; thats yours. 这个是我的,那个是你的。 These are apples;
6、those are oranges. 这些是苹果,那些是橘子。 (2)在打电话的用语中,this经常指的是我,that经常指的是对方。例如: This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是玛丽。你是谁?3. There be/ haveThere be 有,其确切含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。其结构是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表达地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词事实上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如:(1) There is a big bottle
7、of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之,There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的有。have表达拥有,占有,具有,即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子
8、有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表达“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表达故意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如:Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look! Whats that over there? 看!那边那个是什么?单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词at,才干带宾语,如:Hes looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果,着重的是look这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。
9、如:What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么?Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?(3)watch“观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表达全神贯注地观看、观测或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看表演”等。如:Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4. put on/ / in put on意为“穿上,戴上”。重要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表达服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词,表
10、达“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子,走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse :“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“,“家庭成员”。例如:Please come to my house th
11、is afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表达好之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。重要区别在于: (1) fine指物时表达的是质量上的精细,形容人时表达的是身体健康,也 可以用来指天气晴朗。例如:Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a wa
12、lk today. 今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice重要侧重于人或物的外表,有美好,美丽的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如:Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很美丽。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 见到你不久乐。Its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指品德好,形容物时指质量好,是表达人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如:Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)wel
13、l只可用来形容人的身体好,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如:Im very well, thanks. 我身体很好,谢谢。My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元重要集中在:1. 动词be的用法;2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法;3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法;4. 冠词的基本用法;5. There be句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;7. 本单元学过的平常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完毕句子。【中考范例】1. (2023年北京市中考试题) Mary, please s
14、how _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案:D。该题考察的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语,空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。2. (2023年上海市徐汇区中考试题) _ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案:D。该题考察的是冠词的基本用法。由于是特指课桌上的那个橘子,所以用定冠词the。3. (2023年哈尔滨市中考试题) -What _ the number of the girls in your class?
15、 -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案:A。该题考察的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语,应当是单数第三人称,动词be变为is。4. (2023年陕西省中考试题) There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案:B。该题考察的是There be句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型自身就表达“在某个地方存在某个人或物”,不能和动词have混在一起用。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -What colour is