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1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题I suggested he should （ ）himself to his new conditions.问题1选项A.adaptB.adoptC.regulateD.suit【答案】A【解析】adapt使适应，改编； adopt采取，接受；regulate调节，规定；suit合适，相称。根据句意可知，这里应该是使自己适应新环境，所以选项A正确。2. 单选题Which his lack of experience and smaller physique, we dont think he （ ）a chanc
2、e of winning the fight.问题1选项A.standsB.gainedC.possessedD.took【答案】A【解析】stand a chance of doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，所以选项A正确。3. 单选题By todays standards, early farmers were imprudent because they planted the crop repeatedly, exhausting the soil after a few harvests.问题1选项A.unwiseB.stubbornC.tiresomeD.uns
3、cientific【答案】A【解析】句意：按照今天的标准，早期的农民是轻率的，因为他们反复种植作物，几次收获后就把土壤耗尽了。imprudent意为“轻率的，鲁莽的”。unwise不明智的，轻率的；stubborn顽固的；tiresome无聊的，令人讨厌的；unscientific不科学的。选项A与之意思相近。4. 单选题He was shocked to discover that things dragged on well （ ）the two weeks he had anticipated.问题1选项A.fromB.forC.awayD.beyond【答案】D【解析】句意：他吃惊地发
4、现，事情拖长得远超过了他预期的两个星期。选项D符合语境。5. 单选题The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.问题1选项A.a companyB.a fluctuationC.an assortmentD.a matching【答案】C【解析】句意：西雅图的人口是由来自不同种族和文化背景的人组成的群体。conglomerate意为聚结，凝聚成团。a company 一家公司；a fluctuation 起伏，波动；an assortme
5、nt 分类，混合物；a matching匹配，一致。选项C与之意思最为相近。6. 单选题An abstract is（ ） form of an academic article. Many journals publish abstracts so readers can decide if it is worthwhile to read the full version of the article.问题1选项A.conciseB.comprehensiveC.concreteD.conceptual【答案】A【解析】concise简明的，简洁的；comprehensive综合的，广泛的
6、；concrete具体的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是学术文章的简洁形式。许多学术期刊会刊登摘要，以便读者决定是否值得阅读全文。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题The framework of the special theory of relativity can be constructed from the assumption of absolute invariability of the speed of light.问题1选项A.argumentationB.hypothesisC.convictionD.definition【答案】B【解析】句意：狭义相对论的
7、框架可以由光速的绝对不变性的假设来构建。assumption 假定，设想；argumentation争论，论证；hypothesis假设；conviction 定罪，确信；definition定义，解说。选项B与之意思相近。8. 单选题（ ）as only a second-rate Impressionist painter, Pisarro has recently received high praise from art critics.问题1选项A.He was long regardedB.Long was he regardedC.Long regardedD.Being lon
8、g regarded【答案】C【解析】考查分词做状语。再由这里事情的发生有先后顺序知使用一般 过去式的C项正确；D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。句意：长期以来，Pisarro一直被认为是二流印象派画家，最近他受到了艺术评论家的高度赞扬。9. 单选题Johns evenings out are usually followed by a quick dash back to his own flat to finish his reading for the following days tutorial.问题1选项A.lectureB.reportC.quizD.discussion【
9、答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，tutorial指辅导课，辅导材料。lecture 演讲，讲稿，教训；report 报告，成绩单；quiz恶作剧，随堂测验；discussion 讨论。选项A最符合原文语境，所以正确。10. 单选题Imagination and （ ）of a manager will help make the business a success.问题1选项A.simplicityB.sophisticationC.innovationD.condescension【答案】C【解析】simplicity朴素，简易，天真；sophistication复杂，老于世故； innov
10、ation创新，革新；condescension谦卑，屈尊。句意：经理的想象力和创新将有助于商业的成功。选项C符合语境。11. 单选题In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the fina
11、l option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem, determining the objectives of the organization
12、, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the decision, including the nature of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. Additionally, when a d
13、ecision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision process.During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing from such diverse areas of study as psychology, soci
14、ology, business, government, history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually employed is somewhat eclectic).In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational a
15、ctor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully, in response to a specific threat from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable options, considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after car
