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1、仁爱版九年级学案Unit 3 Topic 1一、知识目标【重要短语】be able to=can 能够,会cant wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事have a (good) chance to do sth.有(好)机会做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事be made by被制做;be made of/from由制成be made in在某地制造on business出差be similar to和相似translateinto把翻译成have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难once in a while=
2、sometimes/at times偶尔,间或whenever=no matter when无论何时as well as以及mother tongue 母语take the leading position处于领先地位encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事call for号召【重点句型】1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。2.I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。3.English i
3、s widely spoken around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countries.在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5.It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。6.Its used as the first language by most people in America, Canada, Australia ,Great Britain and New Zealand.它被美国、加拿大、澳大利
4、亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。7.And two thirds of the worlds scientists read English.并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。二、要点讲评被动语态是初中教学内容中的重点。传统的教学模式不管通过什么渠道，以什么样的教学手段，大都围绕下列几个问题教师去讲、学生来学。1 被动语态的用法：强调动作的承受者；没有必要指出动作的执行者。2 被动语态的条件：谓语必须是及物动词或词组。3 被动语态的构成：be过去分词，“be”随时态和主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之：时态 语态 主 动 语 态被 动 语 态备注一般现在时原 形 或 三单is/am
5、/are过去分词一般过去时过去式was/were 过去分词现在进行时is/am/are 现在分词is/am/arebeing过去分词过去进行时was/were 现在分词was/were being过去分词一般将来时will/ shall动原will/shallbe 过去分词be going to动原be going tobe 过去分词Be：is/am/are过去将来时would/shoud动原would/shoudbe过去分词be going to动原be going tobe过去分词Be：was/were现在完成时have/has过去分词have/has been过去分词过去完成时had 过
6、去分词had been 过去分词含情态动词情态动词动原情态动词be 过去分词4 主动与被动的关系： 主动语态：主谓行为动词宾 被动语态： 主谓be过去分词 by宾在以上四个环节当中，主动与被动的关系是重点，被动语态的构成是难点。而把握重点突破难点的关键是对句子结构的认识。如果把充当主语和宾语的元素进行归纳总结组建一个集合，再从不同层面进行巩固练习，效果将会锦上添花。优点有三：其一，学生对被动语态会有更深刻全方位的整体认识；其二，学生会受到启发，学会概括、总结的学习方法，培养自主学习的能力；其三，既能避免题海战术又能使学生开阔眼界，增长见识。1 主语集合：名词/代词名词性词组以名词/代词为核心，
7、加上前置或后置定语不定式动名词并列结构和从句。2宾语集合：同上。下面依据主动与被动的关系，从宾语集合入手来推导被动句的新鲜形式。例1What are you looking for ?What is beening looked for ? 宾语 主语 例2.He said that he had lived here for a year. 主语 宾语 That he had lived here for a year was saidIt was said that he had lived here for a year形式主语.总之，依据主动与被动的关系和宾语集合元素的不同形式，可以推
8、导出许多不同形式的被动句，除此还应注意以下几个问题：（一）、主动结构表被动意义1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive,等词用作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。例如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt sells well.这种样式的衬衫卖的很好。2.look, sound, taste, smell,等系动词主动结构表被动意义。例如：Mooncakes taste delicious.月饼
9、尝起来很好吃。Uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着制服很难看。3.短语be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。例如：His book is worth reading.他的书值得一读。4.want,/need/require+doing相当于want,/need/require+to be done,to be done表示不定式的被动结构。例如：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理（二）、不用被动语态的情况1.只有及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。常见的不及
10、物动词happen, arrive, die, come, go, take place, 等都没有被动语态。例如：Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.这些年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。2.主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。例如：The man introduced himself as Mr White.(主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。Himself was introduced as Mr White.(错误)They help each other study Eng
11、lish.他们互相帮助学习英语。Each other is helped study English.(错误)3.当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时，不能使用被动语态。例如：We will have a meeting.(主动语态)我们打算开会。A meeting will be had by us.(错误)4.主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时，不能用作被动语态中的主语。例如：My mother enjoys watching TV.(主动语态)我的妈妈喜欢看电视。Watching TV is enjoyed by my mother.(错误)He asked to have a tr
12、y.(主动语态)他请求试一试。To have a try was asked.（错误）（三）、被动语态和系表结构的区别1.被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作；而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。例如：The shop is closed at nine oclock.(动作)这个商店九点关门。The shop is closed today.(状态)这个商店今天不开门。2.系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有。例如：Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)王老师对我们很满意。3.系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。例如：She is
13、so worried about her mother.( 系表结构)她非常担心她的妈妈。4.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构可以用于多种时态（四）、省略to的动词不定式的被动语态在主动语态的句子中。一些表示感官或使役意义的动词，如：hear, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have和help等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要用不带to的动词不定式，但当这样的主动语态变为被动语态时，必须把省略to的动词不定式中的to补出来。例如：We often hear her sing i
14、n the room.She is often heard to sing in the room.(by us)注意：如果主动句中的感官动词带“v.ing”形式作宾语补足语，则在变为被动语态的时候，v.ing形式不做任何变动。例如：We are listening to him speaking at the meeting.He is being listened speaking at the meeting(by us).、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1.主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.主动语态的谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式。3.主动语态的主语在被动语态中变为介词的宾语（常用的介词为by）。The workers built a new building last year.工人们去年建了一座新楼。（主动语态）A new building was built last year by the workers.一座新楼去年由工人们建起
