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1、专 业 英 语 教 案 / 1 What is Optics（什么是光）Mankind has always been fascinated with light, thinking of it in ancient times as an uncontrollable, mystical force of nature. Science unraveled some of its mysteries as the inventions of mirrors, spectacles, and later microscopes and telescopes revealed to mankin
2、d how light can be tailored to help people in their daily lives and in exploration, physically through the world and intellectually through science. u unraveled vt. 阐明, 解决u reveal vt. 展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露u tailor n. 裁缝；vt. 剪裁, 缝制(衣服), 适应, 适合人类总被光迷住，在古代把它认为成是一种无法控制的、神秘的自然力量。科学用一些发明来阐明光的神秘，例如有镜子，眼镜和后来展示给人类的
3、显微镜和望远镜，以此来告诉我们光是如何被调整而用于帮助人们的日常生活和科学研究，以及帮助我们认识世界和发展科学（身体上通过世界和智力通过科学）。Optics is the study of light and vision in science and engineering. Light is generally defined as the sector of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and ultraviolet sectors that can be seen with the unaided eye.光学是在
4、科学和工程方面对光和视觉的研究。光一般被定义介于红外和紫外之间、可被裸眼看到的电磁波谱的一部分。Optics plays an influential role in our lives:光学在我们的生活中起着重要作用：When you look into a mirror in the morning to comb your hair, when you see a rainbow after it rains, in medical devices that save lives, as you read this page, as you see, optics is at work.
5、当你在早晨面对一面镜子梳你的头发时，当你在雨后看到彩虹时，在那些挽救生命的医学设备里，当你读这篇文章时，如你所见，是光在工作。Through these lessons, we hope to give you at least a peeku peek vi. 偷看；窥视；偷偷的一看, 一瞥我们希望通过下面的这些课程，可以使你对光学有个大概的了解：into geometrical optics; u geometrical adj. 几何学的, 几何的对几何光学into physical optics; 对物理光学into the dual nature of light and past
6、and current theories on it; 光学在过去和现代理论中的二重性into lenses and mirrors; 对透镜和反射镜into optical instruments; 对光学仪器into experiments that led to breakthroughs in the study of optics; u breakthrough n. 突破；突破性的发现，成就对在光学的研究过程中带来突破的实验；into how optics affects our daily lives and how it will affect the future.光学是如何
7、影响我们现在的日常生活，以及将如何影响未来。2 The Dual Nature of Light（光的二重性）The nature of light has been a controversy debated throughout the course of history. Two models evolved: the wave model and the particle model. Each model has taken an important dominating place, but neither has been disproved completely. Theref
8、ore, the scientific community has combined the two theories to form the wave particle duality, where characteristics from both models are attributed to light (the “wavicle”). These two seemingly contradicting models have been reconciled by a new theory of physics, called quantum electrodynamics, whi
9、ch is a quantum theory of the electromagnetic interactions between photons, electrons and muons (an elementary particle having a mass around 200 times greater than an electron). This model is also known as quantum theory of light. u controversy n. 争论, 辩论, 论战；u debate v. 争论, 辩论u dominating adj. 专横的,
10、主要的, 独裁的u disprove vt. 反证；反驳；证明为伪u wavicle 物量子波粒二象性u attribute vt. （与to连用）归因于u contradict vt. 同矛盾, 同抵触u reconcile vt. 使和解, 使和谐, 使顺从；调解, 调停; 使相协调u quantum electrodynamics n. 物量子电动力学u electromagnetic interaction 电磁相互作用u muon n. 介子u elementary particle n. 核基本粒子光的本性在其整个历史过程中是一场辩论。它们发展成两种模式：波动模型和粒子模型。每一种
11、模型都有其重要的专用位置，但是没有任何一个可以被完全证明为误。因此，科学界将这两种理论结合而形成波粒二象性，而来自于两种模型的特征可以归因于光（波粒二象性）。这两种看似矛盾的模型被一种新的物理理论所统一，即量子电动力学，是一种光子，电子和介子（某一体积比单个电子大大约200倍的基本粒子）之间的电磁相互作用的量子理论。这个模型也被称为光的量子理论。The Wave Theory of Light:光的波动理论The theory that light is transmitted via wave form was proposed by Christian Huygens in 1679. A
12、ccording to his theory:光以波动形式传播的理论是克里斯蒂安惠更斯在1679年提出的，根据他的理论：（克里斯蒂安惠更斯：（Christian Huygens 1629-1695）是与牛顿同一时代的科学家，是历史上最著名的物理学家之一，他对力学的发展和光学的研究都有杰出的贡献，在数学和天文学方面也有卓越的成就，是近代自然科学的一位重要开拓者。）l Light must travel through a medium. 光必须通过某种介质进行传播。l This medium is called Ether, which is an omnipresent, boundlessl
13、y resilient, massless medium unable to be sensed that was formerly theorized as the medium that carried light. 这种介质称为以太，它是一种无所不在的，有无限弹性的，无质量的，不不能被感知的介质，在从前它被理论化为能运载光的介质。l Light is a form of energy - Light travels in waveform in short wavelengths. 光是一种能量形式光在短波长方面以波形的形式传播。u ether n. 天空醚, 大气, 苍天, 物以太u
14、omnipresent adj. 无所不在的, 同时遍在的u boundlessly adv. 无穷地, 无限地u resilient adj. 弹回的, 有回弹力的u massless adj. 物无质量的u theorize v. 建立理论, 理论化u waveform n. 波形The Particle Theory of Light:光的粒子理论The theory that light is transmitted via corpuscular form was supported and advocated by Sir Isaac Newton. According to th
15、is theory: light is composed of particles (“corpuscular”) that travel in a straight line at an extreme speed, they allow the eye experience vision when they are absorbed, and various colored particles all have differing sizes.u corpuscular adj. 微粒的，细胞的，小体的u advocate vt. 拥护；提倡； 主张u according to v. 依照光以粒子形式传播的这一理论被艾萨克牛顿先生支持并且提倡。依照这一理论：光是由粒子构成的，它们沿直线并以高速传播，当它们被吸收时，就使得眼睛体验视力，不同颜色的粒子都有着不同的尺寸。The Quantum Theory of Light:光的量子理论The theory that combines both the wave and particle models was suggested by Max Planck. According to this theory: light is abso
