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1、 专题十一 主谓一致 英语中，主语的单数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致一般遵循语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。一、名词作主语（一）单一名词做主语1.某些集体名词如family, team, audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party, public, population等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调其中个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。2.某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, youth, folk等，只能当复数看待
2、，谓语动词必须用复数。3.单、复数同形的名词如deer, sheep, species, means, works, Chinese等做主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。4.名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street.（二）名词短语做主语1.用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面
3、的名词没有冠词。如：A knife and fork is on the table.2.each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to school.3.如果主语有more than one或many a 构成，尽管意义上是复数内容，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student is reading the book.但是，“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than
4、 one are against your plan.4.当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数不受影响，即以前面的名词为准。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.5.以or, either or, neithernor
5、, not onlybut also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Either you or he is to go.6.如果名词词组中心词是all, most, half, rest等词语所指的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。7.当表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等名词词组做主语时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed.8.一些有两个部分构成的名词如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等
6、作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果主语被“a kind of, a pair of, a series of 等短语”修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was under the bed.9.this kind/ type of + n.和 n. +this kind/ type of结构做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 前的名词：This kind of book is harmful. Books of this kind are harmful.10.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two win
7、dows hangs a picture.二、the+形容词作主语 “the+形容词（或过去分词）”表示一类人或物，其作主语时谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the injured, the wounded等。三、数词作主语（一）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heaps of, half
8、 of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。（二）“a number of+ 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是，“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number“数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（三）a great deal of, a large amount of修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，如：A large amount of(A great deal of) damage was done in a very short ti
9、me.（四）one and a half后跟名词复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.（五）half of, (a) part of短语作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词。（六）one out of/ in+数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。四、代词作主语（一）名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用做单数，也可以用做复数，这取决于它所代替的名词是单数还是复数。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party.（二）such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的
10、内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is our plan. Such are his words.（三）不定代词any, none, all, some, more等单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义决定谓语动词用单数或复数形式，either, neither单独作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但是后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的谓语动词更常用。如：Neither of them knows you. None have seen the film.（四）关系代词who, that, w
11、hich等在定语从句中作主语时，其从句的谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Those who want to answer put up your hands.（五）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。Who lives next door? It is Mike.五、从句作主语（一）由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词的单复数取决于what所指的具体内容，如：What we need is more time. What we need are doctors.（二）在“one of+复数名词+who/ that/ whi
12、ch”引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的谓语动词应该是复数形式。如：She is one of the girls who are late.但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，因此从句的谓语动词应是单数形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.【例题精析】例1. I, who _ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.A. was B. are C. is
13、 D. am答案：D 。例2. The rest of the books _ put on the top.A. were B. are C. is D. be答案：B 。 专题测试1. In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer.A.become B.has become C.becomes D.is becoming2. More than one worker _ dismissed. A. have been B.are C. has been D.has3. In our country, every boy and e
14、very girl _ the right to go to school. A. has B. have C. is D. are4. Every means _ tried, but there is no result.A.have been B.has been C.will be D.were5. Each man and woman _ the same rights. A. has B. have C. had D. is having6. The population of China _ larger than of the USA.A. will be B. are C.
15、is D. was7.Whisky and soda _ his favorite drink.A. is B. are C.were D. have been8. _ either he or I fit the job? Neither he nor you _ .A. Am,are B. Is,are C. Are,are D. Is,is9. All but him and me _ to the cinema.A.are going B.is going C.was going D.has going10. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A. am B. is C. are D. was11. Deer _ faster than dogs.A. will run B. are running C.runs D.run12. Cattle _ on the hillside
