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1、语态篇常见与不常见的被动 提问在下面这个句子中，那些部分为被动语态？“I had not originally been scheduled to work this day but I was extremely pleased when I was asked to help out at the last minute, for it would be one of the most memorable days of the games. (Experiencing English Integrated Book Page120)” 答：要分析上面这个句子，并划出相应的被动语态部分，首
2、先要清楚地了解什么是被动语态和被动语态的结构。 在语法学中，语态是针对动词而言的一种形式，描述句子中动词和参与此动作的主语之间关系。语态分为主动Active Voice和被动Passive Voice两种。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作的承受者时，称为被动语态。例如：“猫吃老鼠。”这句话是主动语态；而“老鼠被猫吃。”则是被动语态。一点意见，我觉得这些语法太简单了 被动语态强调动作的对象或动作本身，句中主语是动作的受动者。 分析句子时找到主语和谓语动词，如果主语并非主动行为，而是接受动作，是动作指向的对象，那么该句就是被动句。被动语态的基本构成为：be动词+及物动
3、词过去分词。其中be动词随着句子的不同时态发生相应变化，并要注意随主语人称、单复数变化而使用正确形式。1）一般现在时：amisareV-ed2）一般过去时：waswereV-ed3）一般将来时：willshall beV-ed 4）现在进行时：amisare beingV-ed5）过去进行时：was / were being + V-ed6）现在完成时：havehas beenV-ed7）过去完成时：had beenV-ed 8）将来完成时：shall / will have been + V-ed9）过去将来完成时：would / should have been + V-ed例如： 1）A
4、ll kinds of commodities made in China are widely used in many American families. 这句中文翻译漏了吧。2）The package was delivered yesterday.包裹是昨天快递发出的。3）People will be paid for their contribution.人们的奉献会收到回报的。4）The food is being prepared.吃的已经在准备了。5）Were all experiments being carried out when your professor aske
5、d? 你们教授询问的时候各项实验在进行中了吗？6）The arrangements of this trip have been made for you.这次旅行的筹备工作已经为你们做好了。7）We had been given visas for three months.我们拿到签证已经三个月了。8）The government promises refugees will have been settled down well by then. 政府承诺难民们到那时都会被安顿得很好。9）The general considered that the bridge would have
6、been mended before the troops could pass.将军认为部队通过前那桥应该已经修好了。被动语态一般不常出现将来进行时和各种完成进行时，但是也存在将来进行和完成进行的状况。以下给出一些例句，以供参考。将来进行时：will be being +V-ed例如：There are so many mistakes in the editorial that will be being edited this time tomorrow! 这篇社论明天这时候就该在刊印了，竟然还有这么多错误！过去将来进行时：would be being + V-ed例如：Holmes p
7、redicted that Sir Henry would be being chased by a weird hound if he went through the swamp. 福尔摩斯预言说亨利先生穿过沼泽地的时候会被一条怪异的猎犬猛追。（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）现在完成进行时：have/ has been being + V-ed例如：Where has the cook been? The fish in the pot has been being cooked for half an hour. 厨师哪里去了？锅里的鱼已经煮了半小时了。将来完成
8、进行时：will have been being + V-ed例如：Dear Miss, twice a month, you curled hair will have been being hurt too much this time next year. 亲爱的小姐，一个月两次，明年这时候你的发质就会被伤得厉害。过去完成进行时：had been being + V-ed例如：My watch had been being watched for two hundred times before you came here to pick me up. 你到这里接我前，手表已经被我看了不
9、下两百次。（此处强调看手表这个过去的过去的动作一直在重复进行。） 熟悉了常见与不常见的被动语态结构后，让我们回到提问中的句子。根据be动词与及物动词的构成，我们可以找到had been scheduled，was pleased，was asked三个部分符合被动语态结构。had been scheduled表示“被安排，被计划”；was asked表示“被询问”，因此这两处都为被动语态。be + V-ed结构不一定都是被动语态。有些过去分词在be动词，或feel，look，seem等动词后，转化为形容词，作表语，表示状态。因此was pleased虽然有be + V-ed结构，却不是被动语态
10、，表示“愉快的，感到满足的”。 例如：Little Ke is interested in being an English interpreter. 小柯对成为一名英语翻译很感兴趣。 Professor Cheng felt surprised that his composition was well written.他文章写得这么好，程教授感到很惊讶。 应注意：被动语态一般不用将来进行时和完成进行时；对于动词来说不及物动词没有被动形式；be+V-ed结构不一定是被动语态。“To be continued,”被动语态的另外一些用法和说明将在下期内容中“will be introduced”
11、。被动语态的用法及说明提问“According to one legend about the origins of Chinese Valentines Day, it is said that the seven daughters of the Goddess of Heaven, on one of their visits to earth, caught the eye of a Cowherd, Niu Lang.( Experiencing English Integrated Book Page162)”上面这个句子中it is said是被动语态吗？翻译成中文应该怎么说？答
12、：句中it is said是典型的一般现在时的被动语态。it作形式主语，取代句子后半部分that引导的从句；be said表示“被谈论，被说”；that 句中内容为：天庭的七仙女某次下凡时，看见了放牛的牛郎。根据中国情人节起源的传奇，传说中的内容被大家谈论、诉说，广为传播，因此，it is said可翻译为“据说”。被动语态的形式，但是中文翻译中不出现“被”字，这种情况还有很多。表示“据说”或“认为”的词还有：believe，consider，declare，expect，feel，report，say，see，suppose，think，understand等。例如：It is report
13、ed that据报道；It is hoped that大家都希望；It is well known that周所周知；It is taken for granted that被视为理所当然的；It has been decided that大家决定；It must be remembered that务必记住的是什么时候使用被动语态，一般有下列这些情况。一、只知结果，不知动作由谁发出。例如：Do you know Mr. Liaos keyboard of computer was stolen last night? 你知不知道廖老师的电脑键盘昨晚被偷了？Mum was angry beca
14、use her favourite Chinese vase was found broken.妈妈很生气，因为她发现最喜欢的瓷花瓶被打破了。 二、动作的施行者是谁没有必要告知，大家都能明白。例如：It is impossible that no one cares about who can be sent to study abroad.没人在乎谁能被外送出国留学是不可能的。Every migrant worker should be paid completely on time.每个民工都必须按时拿到全额报酬。三、句子要强调的是动作的承受者，不强调动作的施行者。例如：Eight hou
15、rs per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。26 passengers were broadcasted that they had been killed in that accident. 报道说已经有二十六名乘客死于这场事故了。New detective novel is being written and edited by the experienced detective himself.新的侦探小说正由那名资深侦探本人撰写。在具体使用过程中，被动语态的用法也比较灵活，动词有的以主动形式表被动含义，有的被动形式在翻译中
16、却不一定使用“被”动含义。详细说明如下：一、情态动词的被动语态。结构为“情态动词+be + 动词过去分词”。变为否定句时，应在情态动词后面加not；变为一般疑问句时，应将情态动词移到句首。例如：Plastic bags should be forbidden to abuse. 应该禁止滥用塑料袋。 How can you be allowed to marry such stingy guy by your parents！你父母怎能允许你嫁给如此吝啬的家伙!This kind of mini-car cant be afforded by most of people. 这款小汽车肯定大多数人都买
