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1、来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语, 能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词, 仅表示完成意义, 不表示被动意义. the risen sun, fallen leaves, faded/withered flowers, returned students, retired workers, departed friends, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-arrived visitors 用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分, 在意义上相当于关系分句. Most of the people invited to
2、 the reception were old friends. 句法作用 作定语: distinguished guest 贵宾, unknown heroes 无名英雄, armed forces武装部队, canned food罐头食品, boiled water开水, steamed bread馒头, stricken area灾区 分词还可构成合成词作定语: simply-furnished room陈设简单的房间, clear-cut answer明确的答复, highly-developed industry高度发展的工业, heartfelt thanks衷心的感谢, hand
3、-made goods手工制品, man-made satellite人造卫星 作补足语: 可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词. I saw the students assembled in the hall. We found her greatly changed. make, get, have, keep等表示”致使”意义的动词: I have my hair cut every ten days. She got her bad tooth pulled out. Please keep us i
4、nformed of the latest developments. like, want, wish, order等表示希望, 要求, 命令等意义的动词: I dont want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal. He wont like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting. 过去分词短语常用作状语, 修饰谓语, 很多都说明动作发生的背景或情况. Guided by these principles, they went on with the work, Delighted
5、with her work, they made her the general manager. 过去分词短语也可作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的状语从句. Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 有时也可说明动作发生的时间, 相当于一个表示时间的状语从句. This method, tried in areas near Shanghai, resulted in a marked rise in total production. 间或也可表示一个假设的情况, 相当于一个条件从句. Given
6、closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong. 偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句. Picked 20 years a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years. 独立结构: 在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一.致. 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为独立结构, 一般表示一种伴随的动作或情况. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 有时可以表示时间: Late that
7、autumn, his work finished, he prepared to return to his institute. 表示原因: Her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter. 条件: All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. 虚拟语气 that从居中: wish, would rather (sooner), had better: I wish I were as strong as you. I wish I had pai
8、d more attention to our pronunciation. I wish I remembered the address. I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too). I had rather (that) you told him than I did. suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句: The commander ordered that all civilians (shou
9、ld) be evacuated. He asked that he be given an opportunity to try. She urged that he write and accept the post. it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句中. It was arranged that they leave the foll
10、owing week It will be better that we meet some other time. suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句: His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted. 在某些句型中 it is time that It is time that we went (或should go) to bed. It is high time we (should) put an
11、 end to this controversy. as if (though) 引起的从句: They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years. It seems as if it was (were) spring today. He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert. 以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句(这时谓语多用 should +动词原形): He took his raincoat with him
12、 lest it should rain. He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold. Ill keep a seat for you in case you should need it. 以whatever, whoever, no matter what这类代词或词组引起的从句(这时, 谓语多用may加动词原形构成): Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man. Come what may, we will go ahead.
13、不管发生什么情况, 我们都要干下去. I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, hes still a good politician. 我承认他年老体衰, 然而尽管如此, 它仍是优秀的政治家. 条件句 虚拟条件句主要有下面两类: 表示现在及将来情况(表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况): 谓语主要形式如下(be多用were这个形式):从句主句过去式would + 动词原形 If I were you, I wouldnt lose heart. How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer. 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句(与事实完全相反的假设情况), 谓语主要形式如下:从句主句had + 过去分词would have + 过去分词 She would have come if we had invited her. If I hadnt taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake, You wouldnt have caught col
