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1、（英语）高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranea
2、n traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define (定义) their units of mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to the weight of a carob (角豆树) seed. The sizes of similarly named units could also differ. The kings foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 year
3、s after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a centimeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in England until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things
4、within countries. In France, where there was no unified (统一的) measurement system at the national level, the situation was particularly terrible. The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south. Although John Wilkins, an English
5、man, first put forward a decimal system (十进制) of measurement in 1668, it was the French who in 1799 made it law. The Systme International dUnits (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known) developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the Un
6、ited States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its biggest shake-up yet. At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the worlds measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seve
7、n base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants (物理常数).Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly precisely, which would mean that from May 20th 2019 the constants will themselve
8、s be fixed at their current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able to measure, for example, the mass of an object as precisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.（1）What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? A.Pound went before libra in measurement.B.Different things us
9、ed to be adopted as measures.C.Grains were accepted as measures by the Romans.D.Fixed measurement systems were gradually formed.（2）How does the author develop the second paragraph? A.In time order.B.By analysis.C.In space order.D.By comparison.（3）Which of the following countries used SI as an offici
10、al measurement? A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）What will the worlds measurement bodies achieve at the meeting held in Versailles? A.They will come up with seven new SI units.B.They will set May 20th as a new international festival.C.They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram.
11、D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“man has been the measure of many, if not all, things ”以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参考角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主要讲述了不同的东西被用作计量单位。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据
12、第二段中的“The kings foot .around a centimetre shorter than the Belgic foot”和“Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos,以及The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the s
13、outh”可推知，本段作者主要运用了对比的写作方法，把同一计量单位在不同国家之间或者在同一国家不同区域间的差异进行了说明。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“it was the French who in 1799 made it law和The Systme International dUnits (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known)developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberi
14、a and the United States ”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采用国际单位制(SI)。国际单位制是现时世界上最普遍采用的标准度量衡单位系统，采用十进制进位系统。故选A。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the worlds measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units.wi
15、ll follow the other three.in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants”可知，在法国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位中的四个将被重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that de
16、epens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法). Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental man
