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1、汽车门锁机构及其控制系统的研制 南京航空航天大学 硕士学位论文 汽车门锁机构及其控制系统的研制 姓名：李春风 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：机械设计及理论 指导教师：尹明德 20090201 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 汽车门锁是汽车车身的重要附件之一，其性能直接关系到汽车行驶的安全性和车主的财 产安全。本文在查阅了大量有关文献的基础上，根据门锁机构的工作原理，从产品设计开 发、零部件装配、运动仿真、动力分析、失效分析、有限元分析、结构可靠性分析、磨损 可靠性分析以及系统控制等多方面进行了剖析。 本文主要内容如下： 将整个汽车门锁看成是由多个构件组成的运动链系统，画出其工作示意图，介绍了
2、汽车 门锁的整体结构、组成部分及其工作原理； 应用Pro/E 软件，对汽车门锁系统进行了3D 建模、装配、运动仿真及动力分析。运动 仿真的成功，说明了该三维模型中各机构之间没有干涉，实现了预定的功能； 运用系统分析方法之一的失效模式及影响分析法，从可靠性角度对汽车门锁系统进行分 析，建立了汽车门锁系统的失效树，并确定了其重要元件及其主要失效形式； 运用ANSYS 软件对汽车门锁系统上锁和锁紧后两个典型的工况进行了有限元分析，获 得了两个工况下的应力、应变值；然后用蒙特卡罗模拟法结合有限元法对锁紧机构中棘轮 进行可靠性分析、灵敏度分析； 指出了引起汽车门锁机构失效的主要原因是各部件之间的磨损，建
3、立了分析和评估门锁 机构磨损可靠性的数学模型，对门锁机构在不同上锁开锁次数下的磨损失效概率作了计算， 给出了汽车门锁机构系统磨损可靠性分析和评估的一般方法； 最后介绍了汽车门锁的电控系统。 关键词：汽车门锁；运动仿真；动力分析；失效树；有限元法；蒙特卡罗法；结构可靠度； 磨损可靠度 I 汽车门锁机构及其控制系统的研制 Abstract Automobile door lock is one of the important accessories of the car body, and its operability and reliability are directly relatate
4、d to the usability and safety of an automobile. On the basis of consulting masses informations,according to the working principle of the locking device,products designing and developing,assembling the parts, motion simulation, dynamic analysis,invalidation analysis, finit element analysis, structure
5、 reliability, wear reliability and system control so many aspects are studied in the thesis. The thesiss main reaserch work is enumerated as follows: The whole automobile door lock is considered as a kinematiclink system which is made of many components. Its working schematic diagram is drawed up, t
6、he whole structure and components of an automobile door lock and its working principle are introduced. Software Pro/Engineer has been applied for 3D modeling, assembling, motion simulation and dynamic analysis.The success of the motion simulation shows that there are no intereferes between mechanism
7、s and a preplanned function has been performed. By applying the fault pattern and influence analysis method, which is one of the system analysis methods, from the standpoint of reliability, the mobile door lock system has been studied. A Fault Tree of the system is built up, and significant parts an
8、d main fault patterns are determined. Software ANSYS has been applied for Finite element analysis of two tipical working conditions which are before and after the automobile door being locked, and the stress and strain of the two conditions are obtained. Then Monte Carlo method combined with Finite
9、element method is used to analysis the reliability and sensitivity of the ratchet wheel in the ratchet gear machnism. It has also been pointed out that the main factor causing the automobile door lock device into failure is the wear among its components. The mathematical model for analyzing and esti
10、mating the wearing reliability of the device is established. The wearing failure probability of the door lock mechanism with different opening and closing frequency is calculated and the general method which is used for the analysis and estimating the wearing reliability is given. At last the electr
11、ical control system for the automobile door lock is introduced. Keywords: Automobile door lock, Motion simulation, Dynamic analysis, FEM （Finite element method ）,Fault tree analysis, Monte Carlo method, Structure reliability, Wear reliability II 汽车门锁机构及其控制系统的研制 图表清单 图2. 1 锁扣示意图.5 图2. 2 锁扣的安装位置.5 图2. 3 锁紧机构的全锁紧示意图.6 图2. 4 锁紧机构的半锁紧示意图.6 图2. 5 汽车门锁系统组成.
