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1、英语长句翻译l英语长句翻译步骤（六步法）：l1、紧缩主干l2、区分主从l3、辨析词义l4、分清层次l5、调整搭配l6、润饰词句第1页英语长句翻译方法l1、包孕法l2、切断法l3、拆译法l4、逆序法l5、重组法第2页第3页1、Embedding包孕法lTheso-calledembeddingmeansplacingthemodifiers(includingphrasesandclauses)beforethewordbeingmodified,thusthemodifiersareembeddedintheChinesesentences.第4页lThisisquiteoppositetot
2、heEnglishsentenceorderinwhichmodifierslongerthantwowordsusuallytaketheend-position.Thepre-positionembeddingmakestheChineseversioncompactandcoherent,therefore,itisfrequentlyadoptedintranslatingattributiveandappositiveclauses.第5页lCongresshasmadelawsrequiringmostpressuregroupstogiveinformationabout how
3、 much they spend and how they spend it,the amount and sources of funds,membership,and names and salaries of their representatives.第6页lAbarofironplacedinacoil,through which a current is flowing,becomesmagnetized.第7页lTheGeneralAssemblymayestablishsuchsubsidiaryorgansas it deems necessary for the perfo
4、rmance of its function.第8页2、Cutting切断法l在语句联接处，如使用关联词地方，并列或转折地方，后续成份、主体连接处等，以及按照意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。第9页lTheideaofafishbeingabletogenerateelectricitystrongenoughtolightsmallbulbs,eventorunanelectricmotor,isalmostunbelievable.第10页lWesincerelyhopethatyourcongratulationswillbematchedbyyourcollectiveendeavort
5、oseekajustandpracticalsolutiontotheproblemwhichhasbedeviledtheUnitedNationsforsomanyyears.第11页3、Splittingl将词，词组、句子，从句干中拆出来另行处理，或者放在句首，后者放在句子末尾。第12页l1）Splitting s Single WordlAcoldthatrapidlygrewworsecausedhisunlamentedreturntoParis.第13页lAnoutsiderssuccesscouldevencuriouslyhelptwopartiestogettheagree
6、menttheywant.第14页lThenumberoftheyoungpeopleintheUnitedStateswhocannotreadisincredible-aboutoneinfour.第15页lCharacteristicallyTedderconcealedhisfeelingsandwatchedandlearned.lLetusadmit,and regret,thathehonestlybelievesitimpossibletodifferfromhimhonestly.第16页2）SplittingPhraseslThereisatideintheaffairsn
7、ot only of men but of women too,which,takenattheflood,leadsontofortune.第17页lMymother,JaneLamptonClements,diedinher88thyear,a mighty ageforonewhoat40wassodelicateofbodyastobeaccountedaconfirmedinvaliddestinedtopasssoonaway.l我母亲简.兰普顿.克来门斯是在她88岁那年逝世。这对于一个40岁时就身体纤弱，被公认有痼疾缠身、注定很快于人世人来说，是难得高龄。第18页lThefore
8、ignvisitorswatchedin a fascinated mannerthetournamentheldinBeijing,whichexhibitedasuperbperformanceinsmashservice,twistservice,steadyservice,highdropandkillingandendedinadraw.l外宾观看了在北京举行这场锦标赛。这场比赛在发扣球、转球、保险球、吊球和扣杀方面技术都十分精湛，最终达成平局。他们看得简直入迷了。他们看得简直入迷了。第19页lWiththefearoflargely imaginary plotsagainsthi
9、sleadership,hisself-confidenceseemedtotallytodeserthim.第20页3）SplittingClauselThisland,which once barred the way of weary travelers,nowhasbecomealandforwinterandsummervacations,alandofmagicandwonder.l这个地方现在已经成了冬夏两季休假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观；而从前精疲而从前精疲力竭旅游者只能到此止步力竭旅游者只能到此止步。第21页lPlasticsismadefromwaterwhich is a
10、natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere,coalwhich can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less costandlimewhich can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature.第22页lOnthemarblefireplaceinthemathematicsbuildingatPrincetonUniversityiscarved
11、,intheoriginalGerman,what one might call his(Einsteins)scientific credo:“Godissubtle,butheisnotmalicious.”l在普利利顿大学数学大楼里，大理石壁炉上用德文刻着：“上帝是难以捉摸，但他决无恶意”。这句话。这句话可称作是他可称作是他(爱因斯坦爱因斯坦)科学信条。科学信条。第23页4、Reversingl拆开英语原句，按照汉语表示法重新安排，原文语序进行全部或局部变换。第24页lInreality,thelinesofdivisionbetweensciencesarebecomingblurre
12、d含糊,andscienceagainapproachingthe“unity”thatithadtwocenturiesago-although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now,and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.即使现在积累起来知识要多得多，而且任何个人也只可能了解其中一小部分，但实际上，各学科之间界限却变得含糊不清，科学再次近乎于两百年前那样“单一整体”。第25页lSuch is human nature in the
13、 Westthatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.l许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取白领工资社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。第26页lPerhaps the factor that makes a positive outcome most likely istheclearrecognitionbytheJapanesegovernmentandbusinesscommunitythatthereisanoverridingneed
14、forinnovation,andawideagreementthatthenationalinterestrequiresthatmajoreffortbeconcentratedinthisarea.第27页l日本政府和企业社团清楚认识到革新是压倒一切需要，而且人们普遍认识到民族利益要求集中对这个领域付出巨大努力。上述这些认识可上述这些认识可能就是很可能造成主动结果原因能就是很可能造成主动结果原因。第28页lIt is extraordinarythatinalltheyearstheBritishspentinEgypttheynevergottoknowtherealpeopleofE
15、gypt.l英国人在埃及消磨岁月这么长久，而对真正埃及人民缺一无所知，这是颇不寻常。这是颇不寻常。第29页完全倒置lAndheknewhowashamedhewouldhavebeen(1)ifhisgirlfriendhadknown(2)hismother(3)andthekindofpeopleinwhichhewasborn,(4)andthekindofpeopleamongwhomhewasborn.（5）第30页l他出生在这类人中间，（5）出生在这么地方（4），他有这么母亲，（3）这些假如让他女朋友知道了话，（2）他明白有多么丢人。（1）第31页lInsectswouldmake
16、itimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;(1)theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,(2)ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.(3)第32页l假如没有那些以昆虫为食动物保护我们，（3）昆虫会吞噬我们全部庄稼，害死我们牛羊家禽，（2）使我们不能生存于世。（1）第33页5、Recastingl长句译成若干小分句第34页lThebigproblemofcomprehensionoftheEnglishtextandthebiggerproblemofhowtoexpressitinrich,present-dayChinesewhichrangesfromtheclassicaltothecolloquialbothhavetobesolvedinthecourseoftranslation.第35页l了解英语原义是一个大问题，当代汉语既然是文言口语兼收并蓄，怎么用这么丰富多彩文字来表示英文原文是一个更大问题，这两个问题在翻
