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1、 语法专题五：非谓语动词（一）动词不定式1. 结构： 一般式：to do (to be done) 进行式：to be doing (表示正在发生的动作） 完成式：to have done (表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前） 否定式：not + to do2. 作用(成份)：不定式常用作以下成分：1) 主语：亦可用it作形式主语，构成 It is/was + adj (for/of sb)to do sth的句型。 2) 宾语：可以接不定式的常见动词有：hope, wish, decide, intend, expect, plan, determine, manage, refuse, f
2、ail, pretend, promise等；也可用it作形式宾语，常与feel, consider, find, believe, think, suppose, regard等连用。 3) 宾补：主要用于解释、说明宾语，常与动词ask, tell, teach, get, force, want, need, allow, forbid, permit, advise, persuade等连用。 4) 定语：主要用于对名词的修饰，如：have sth. to do; there be sth. to do等，表“要做”。 5) 表语：be动词之后；表计划或安排等。6) 状语：表示目的，原因
3、，结果等。7) 作独立成分：常用的这类短语有：to tell you the truth , to be frank（坦白地说）, to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with（首先）, to make things worse（使事情更糟糕 的是）等。3. 注意： 1) 不带to的动词不定式常用于：(1) 使役动词let, make, have之后或感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe等后面，但在被动语态中须还原to。 (2) would rather, had better, wh
4、y (not), may /might as well, cant help but等后面用不带to的动词不定式。(3) 当主语中是或含all, what等引导的从句时，且有do或其其它时态形式，后作表语的不定式常省略to。2) only/never to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果。 3) 当不定式和句子中的宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，和句中的主语构成逻辑主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式；如不定式表示的动作不是主语发出，则不定式用被动形式。 4) 为了避免重复，可以省略不定式后的内容但保留不定式符号to，但当结构中含有be，have时则不可省略。 5) 不定式与疑问词连用, 在句中起名词作用
5、,可充当主语,表语, 宾语等。巩固练习：1. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 2. The meeting _next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place3. I feel it an honor _ to speak
6、here. A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked4. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled5. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music. A. making her heard B. to make her hear C. making
7、herself heard D. to make herself heard6. I dont know whether you happen _, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A. to be heard B. to be bearing C. to hear D. to have heard7. We have no idea about _ next. A. how doing B. what doing C. what to do D. to do8. The news reporters hurried t
8、o the airport, only _the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 9. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday. A. to rob B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed10. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _,
9、 but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so11. _, he had a car accident and was seriously injured. A. Make things worse B. To make things worse C. Make things bad D. To make things bad12. Who will you get _ the project for us? A. design B. to design C. de
10、signed D. designing13. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing14. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the exam. A. is B. to be C. being D. have been15. She would rather leave for New York _ in Los A
11、ngeles. A. to stay B. than stay C. than staying D. to staying16. - Are the problems easy? - No, in fact I found _. A. them hard to solve B. it hard to solve C. it hard to be solved D. hard to solve them.17. To get the job, _. A. it is required that one should be qualified B. a bachelors degree is ne
12、cessary C. one needs to have basic knowledge in electricity D. some requirements should be met18. In the end, the poor man found a shabby cottage _. A. to live B. to live in C. live D. living in19. All she did was _ to her parents expectation. A. to live up B. live up C. living up D. lived up20. He
13、was seen _ the house by the back door that morning. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. to be entering21. Do you have any clothes _ today, Sir? A. wash B. to be washed C. to wash D. to be washing22. He loves parties. He is always the first _ and the last _. A. of coming; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving23. I regret _ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow. A. informing B. having informed C. to inform D. to have inform24. What does the librarian permit _ out of the library? A. taking
