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1、计算机英语（第4版）练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2.input; output3.VLSI4.workstations; mainframes5.vacuum; transistors6.instructions; software7.digit; eight; byte8.microminiaturizat
2、ion; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.artificial intelligence 人工智能2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3.optical computer 光计算机4.neural network 神经网络5.instruction set 指令集6.parallel processing 并行处理7.difference engine 差分机8.versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9.s
3、ilicon substrate 硅衬底10.vacuum tube 真空管11.数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data12.超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央处理器 central processing unit14.个人计算机 personal computer15.模拟计算机 analogue computer16.数字计算机 digital computer17.通用计算机 general-purpose computer18.处理器芯片 processor chip19.操作指
4、令 operating instructions20.输入设备 input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, co
5、mputers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computers speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the a
6、dvent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum t
7、ubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation c
8、omputers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术
9、，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行运算的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。Unit One/Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.experimentation2.interfacing3
10、.interdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.artificial neural network 人工神经网络puter architecture 计算机体系结构3.robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4.human-computer interface 人机接口5.knowledge representation 知识表示6.数值分析 numerical analysis
11、7.程序设计环境 programming environment8.数据结构 data structure9.存储和检索信息 store and retrieve information10.虚拟现实 virtual realityUnit One/Section CI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.output2.supercomputer3.microcontroller4.handheld; convergenceII.Translate the following terms or phrases
12、 from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.Web page （万维）网页2.touch screen 触摸屏，触屏3.blade server 刀片服务器4.removable storage device 移动（式）存储设备5.声卡 sound card6.存储服务器 storage server7.便携式媒体播放器 portable media player8.硬盘 hard diskUnit Two: Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AIFill in the blanks with the inf
13、ormation given in the text:1.input; output; storage2.Basic Input/Output System3.flatbed; hand-held4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix; inkjet6.disk; memory7.volatile8.serial; parallelII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.function key 功能键，操作键，函数键2.voice recognitio
14、n module 语音识别模块3.touch-sensitive region 触敏区4.address bus 地址总线5.flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6.dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallel connection 并行连接8.cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9.video game 电子游戏10.audio signal 音频信号11.操作系统 operating system12.液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13.喷墨打印机 inkjet printer14.数据总线 da
15、ta bus15.串行连接 serial connection16.易失性存储器 volatile memory17.激光打印机 laser printer18.磁盘驱动器 disk drive19.基本输入输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20.视频显示器 video displayIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and
