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1、ROOM-AND-PILLAR METHOD OF OPEN-STOPE MINING空场采矿法中的房柱采矿法Chapter 1.A Classification of the Room-and-Pillar Method of Open-Stope Mining第一部分，空场采矿的房柱法的分类OPEN STOPING空场采矿法 An open stope is an underground cavity from which the initial ore has been mined. Caving of the opening is prevented (at least tempora
2、rily) by support from the unmined ore or waste left in the stope,in the form of pillars,and the stope walls (also called ribs or abutments). In addition to this primary may also be required using rockbolts , reinforcing rods, split pipes ,or shotcrete to stabilize the rock surface immediately adjace
3、nt to the opening. The secondary reinforcement procedure does not preclude the method classified as open stoping. 露天采场台阶是开采了地下矿石后形成的地下洞室。通过块矿或采场的支柱和 （也称为肋或肩） 采场墙形式的废料 的支持来（至少是暂时的） 预防放顶煤的开幕。除了这个，可能还需要使用锚杆，钢筋棒，分流管，或喷浆，以稳定紧邻开幕的岩石表面。二次加固过程不排除归类为开放式回采方法。 There are many forms of open-stope mining used to
4、extract the initial material from mine .Having once established that the mineral and waste rock are competent enough to use an open-stoping method ,and assuming that the reserve is not classified as gassy, the form which the method will take is primarily determined by the dip and thickness of the re
5、serve .How these two factors affect the selection of the open-stope mining is discussed in a later chapter . At this point it will suffice to say that the classification of the open-stope mining system which follows is based on whether dry , broken material flows by gravity or whether it must be mov
6、ed by non gravity methods where energy must be supplied to move the material. 这里有许多空场采矿法用于才出地下的矿石。一旦确立，矿物和废石足以胜任使用开放式回采方法，并假设储备不归类为高瓦斯，该方法将采取的形式主要取决于浸和储备的厚度。在后面一章，将讨论了这两个因素如何影响采场采矿法的选择。在这一点上就足以说的露天采场采矿系统的分类，根据是否干燥，破碎的物料通过重力或是否流动，它必须由非重力能源必须提供移动材料的方法提出。Room-and Pillar-Mining房柱采矿法 Room-and-pillar mini
7、ng is an open-stoping method where mining progresses in a nearly horizontal or low angle direction by opening multiple stopes or rooms, leaving solid material to act as pillars to support the vertical load. Since the direction of excavation ( angle of dip ) is below that which would cause the dry ma
8、terial to flow by gravity to a draw point or gathering point, the material must be loaded in the room where it was extracted and transported to a point where it will flow, either by gravity or mechanical means, to a central gathering point to be taken out of the mine. This is an important aspect of
9、room-and-pillar mining which differentiates the system from other open-stope mining methods which rely heavily upon gravity to transport ore from where it was broken to a lower elevation, usually through a draw point .There are many variations of the method which go by a names in local districts: br
10、east stoping , breast-and-bench stoping, board-and-pillar, stall-and-pillar, and panel-and-pillar are all basically open-stope room-and-pillar mining.房柱采矿是空场采矿法挖掘凡进步近水平或低角度方向通过打开多个采场或房间，离开固体材料采取行动，以支持垂直负载的支柱。自开挖方向（倾角）以下，这会导致干料流重力平局点或聚会点，矿石必须先储存在矿房，在那里通过重力或机械手段被提取并运送到矿井旁的储矿仓，然后要向提升井运输。这是一个房柱采矿法区分从其它空
11、场采矿方法一个依据，依靠重力运输矿石到海拔较低的水平，通常这是绘制点制度的一个重要方面。空场采矿法有许多形式，如全面采矿法，留矿采矿法，分段采矿法，阶段矿房法等都是空场采矿法的一种形式。In some instances detailed stope planning is almost nonexistent ;I .e., the operator simple follows the visual pay values , leaves pillars only where necessary ,and tries to locate them in the zones of lower
12、 value . This method of mining is as old as the beginning of underground mining itself ,dating back thousands of years .Early in the history of mining in this country ,the term ”gophering” was used to describe this method (peele,1941). The term is appropriate , for it brings to mind the exact result
13、s of this type of system-a random and irregular room-and-pillar mine.详细的采场的规划，在某些情况下几乎是不存在的，在实际操作中一般按如下要求如下，只有在必要时保留支柱，并试图找到矿石品味较低的区域作为矿柱。这种地下采矿方法本身就是很古老的，可以追溯到几千年。早在这个国家的采矿历史上，术语“gophering”被用来描述这种采矿方法（peele，1941）。这一词是恰当的，因为它使我想起这种类型系统随机和不规则的房间和支柱矿确切的结果。 In other instances where the mineral values a
14、re consistent both in physical dimcnsions and quality, , the mine layout can be planned to the last detail , resulting in a uniform room-and-pillar mine. Coal , trona, gilsonite, potash, oil shale , salt, limestone ,and sandstone mines can usually follow such a system. Today, most metal mines using
15、a room-and-pillar operation try tomine as regular a pattern as possible but deviation in height , width, thickness, dip, and grade of the ore results in comparable deviation in the mine plan.在其他情况下，矿物的价值在物理性质和质量哪是一致的，矿山布局可以同时规划的最后细节、 统一房柱结构。煤炭、 天然碱、 沥青、 钾肥，油母页岩、 盐、 石灰岩和砂岩地雷通常可以按照这样的系统。今天，人们想把房柱采矿法作为
16、金属矿开采的一种模式，但是矿体的垂直高度，宽度，厚度，倾角在实际矿山中变化很大。Variations of the Room-and-pillar System各式各样的房主采矿系统It is necessary to briefly describe some of the many variations of the room-and-pillar system of mining, enabling the reader to fully explore the concepts and become familiar with the terminology used before going on to the details of mine design.有必要简要介绍一些房主采矿系统的多中变化，使读者充分了解概念和熟悉的术语使用前，矿井设计细节。 Full-Face Slicing:If in the process of opening the roo
