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1、1staten. 情形, 状态, 国家, 政府, 州 vt.声明, 陈述, 规定For the century before Johnsons Dictionary was published in 1775 there had been concern about the state of the English language.statementn.声明, 陈述, 综述,报表2specialadj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的especiallyadv.尤其，特别specializationn.特殊化, 专门化specialisev.专业化，专门研究specialisedadj. 专门的,
2、 专科的In the 19th century, new, specialised, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.specialistn. 专家specialityn.特性, 特质, 专业specifyvt.指定, 详细说明specificadj.详细而精确的, 明确的An early scientific journal fostered a new kind of writing based on short descriptions of spec
3、ific experiments.specificallyadv.特定的, 明确的speciesn.种类Extinct species are being replaced by new species.3differvi.不同In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species.differencen.差异, 差别differentadj.不同的Different groups of researchers attacked different problems, from speech recogniti
4、on to chess playing, in different ways.differentiatev.区别, 区分4appropriateadj.适当的inappropriateadj.不适当的5staffn. 全体职员6contradictvt.同.矛盾contradictionn.反驳, 矛盾contraryadj.相反的, 逆的contrastvt.使与.对比 n.对比, 对照7claimn.(根据权利提出)要求, 主张 vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张claimantn.（根据权利）提出要求者reclaimvt.要求归还，开垦reclamationn.收回，开垦8similarad
5、j.相似的, 类似的Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science.similarlyadv.同样地, 类似于similarityn.类似, 类似处assimilationn.同化9evidencen.明显, 显著，证据There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.evidentadj.明显的, 显然的10majorn. 主修课 adj.主修的，主要的 vi.主修Gr
6、ime (1966) suggests that light may be one of the major components directing these adaptations.majorityn.多数, 大半11furtheradj.更远的, 更多的 vt.促进, 增进, 助长furthermoreadv.此外, 而且12involvet.包括,使陷于Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy.involvementn.连累, 包含revolvev.旋转
7、revolutionn.革命，旋转revolutionaryadj.革命的，全新的 n.革命者revolutionisevt.使彻底改变evolvevt. (使)进化, (使)发展 evolutionn. 进化, 发展 evolutionaryadj.进化的13completeadj.全部的, 完全的 vt.完成, 使完善It was a very expensive and time-consuming process that took around six months to pletelyadv.十分, 完全地completionn.完成Johnson only received pa
8、yment for his Dictionary on its completion.accomplishvt.完成，实现accomplishmentn.完成，成就14suitv.适合 n.一套衣服suitableadj.适当的, 相配 Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience.suitcasen.手提箱, 衣箱15personn.人, 身体personaladj.私人的, 个人的
9、Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humour.personalizev.使成私人的, 人格化personalityn.个性, 人格Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life.personneln.人员, 职员16accommodatevt.供应, 供给, 容纳accommodationn.住处, 膳宿17economyn.经济, 节约economicadj.经济(上)的It would
10、 be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.economicaladj.节约的economistn.经济学者, 经济家economicsn.经济学18alterv.改变alternativen.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的alternateadj.交替的, 轮流的 v.交替, 轮流, 改变19effectn.效果, 作用, 影响effectiveadj.有效的effectivenessn.效力effortn.努力, 成就affectvt.影响, 感动affectionn. 影响, 爱情, affecti
11、veadj.情感的affectingadj.感人的, 动人的efficientadj.(直接)生效的, 有效率的efficiencyn.效率, 功效sufficientadj.充分的，足够的insufficientadj.不足的，不够的20experimentn.实验, 试验 vi.进行实验, 做试验experimentaladj.实验的experimentationn.实验, 试验, 实验法experimentern.实验者21approachn.接近, 方法 vt.接近His approach to the problems that had worried writers through
12、out the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.approachabilityn.可接近22previousadj.在前的, 早先的Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis.23genen. 遗传基因geneticadj.遗传的geneticsn.遗传学24objectn.物体,
13、 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议objectionn.异议,拒绝objectiven.目标, 目的 adj.客观的25amountn.数量 vi.(to) 总计, 等于26meanadj.低劣的,吝啬的 vt.意谓 n.平均数meaningn.意义, 含意meaningfuladj.意味深长的27coaln.煤coal-miningn.挖煤28qualityn.质量, 品质, 性质qualifyv.(使)具有资格, 证明合格qualificationn.资格, 条件qualitativeadj.性质上的, 定性的29medicinen.药, 医学medicaladj.医学的,
14、 内科的medicationn.药物治疗, 药物处理, 药物30termn.学期,条款,术语termlyadj.定期的, 每一期的terminologyn.术语学31performvt.履行, 执行, 表演performancen.履行,成绩,表演32subjectn.题目, 学科，实验对象 adj.受制于.的, 受.影响的,Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.subjectiveadj.主观的, 个人的Peter Derks believes that humour relate to a persons subjective views.33sensen.官能, 感觉, 意义 vt.感到, 理解, 认识Johnson was a
