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1、常州工程职业技术学院无损检测技术毕业论文毕业设计（论文） （ 2012 届）设计(论文)题目： 磁粉检测工艺规程 系 部： 机械工程技术系 班 级： 无损检测0911 学 生 姓 名： 指 导 教 师： 常州工程职业技术学院二0一二 年 六 月 一 日摘要磁粉检测是将钢铁等铁磁性材料制作的工件予以磁化，利用其缺陷部位能吸附磁粉的特征，依磁粉分布显示被探测物体表面缺陷和近表面缺陷的探伤方法，缩写为MT。我国近年来磁粉检测设备发展也很快，已实现了系列化，三项全波直流探伤超低频退磁设备的性能已打到国外同类设备的水平。交流探伤就机用于剩磁法检验时加装断电相位控制器保证剩磁稳定是我国的特色。断电相位控制
2、器利用可控硅技术，可以代替自藕变压器无级调节磁化电流，还为我国磁粉检测设备的电子化和小型化奠基了基础。智能化设备已生产应用光电扫描图像识别的磁粉探伤机已研制成功。用电脑处理磁痕现实的试验研究有很大的进展，自动化和半自动化设备有不少应用。 铁磁材料工件被磁化后，由于不连续性的存在，使工件表面和近表面的磁感应线发生局部畸变而产生漏磁场，吸附施加在工件表面的磁粉，在合适的光照下形成目视可见的磁痕，从而显示出不连续性的位置、大小、形状和严重程度。磁粉检测的质量控制，是建立在对影响磁粉检测灵敏度和检测可靠性的诸因素逐个地加以控制基础之上的。磁粉检测的能力，取决于施加磁场的大小和缺陷的延伸方向，还与缺陷的
3、位置、大小和形状等因素有关。工件磁化时，当磁场方向与缺陷延伸方向垂直时，缺陷处的漏磁场最大检测灵敏度最高；当磁场方向与缺陷延伸方向夹角为45度时，缺陷可以显示，但灵敏度降低；当磁场方向与缺陷延伸方向平行时，不产生磁痕显示，发现不了缺陷。根据工件的几何形状、尺寸大小和欲发现缺陷的方向而在工件上建立的磁场方向，将磁化方法一般分为周向磁化、纵向磁化和多向磁化。所谓周向与纵向，是相对被检工件上的磁场而言的。磁粉检测器材有磁粉（荧光磁粉和非荧光磁粉）、载液（油基载液和水载液）磁悬液、反差增强剂、标准试片和标准试块等等。磁粉检测设备的分类形式也不一样，常见的磁粉检测设备有携带式探伤机如电磁轭、交叉磁轭、带
4、电极触头的小型磁粉探伤机或永久磁铁等。磁粉检测工艺，是指包含磁粉检测的预处理、磁化（选择磁化方法和磁化规范）、施加磁粉或磁悬液、磁痕的观察与记录、缺陷评级、退磁和后处理七个程序的全过程。磁粉检测的时机应根据不同的材料工件而定。磁化、施加磁粉或磁悬液的方法有连续法、剩磁法、干法。特种设备磁粉检测通用工艺规程至少应包括以下内容：适用范围；引用标准法规；检测人员资格；检测设备、器材和材料；检测表面制备；检测时机；检测工艺和检测技术；检测结果的评定和质量等级的分类；检测记录、报告和资料存档；编制（级别）、审核（级别）和批准人；制定日期。关键词 磁粉检测 设备 器材 工艺规程 AbstractMagne
5、tic particle testing is made of ferromagnetic materials such as steel shall be workpiece magnetized and use the defective parts can absorb the characteristics of magnetic powder, magnetic powder distribution according to show is to detect the object surface defects and near surface defects detection
6、 method, abbreviation for MT。In recent years in China magnetic powder testing equipment development is soon, has realized the seriation, three whole wave dc testing ultralow frequency equipment performance has hit demagnetized to similar foreign equipment level。Exchange detection is the machine used
7、 to test the power of residual magnetism when phase controller ensure stability in our country is the characteristics of residual magnetism。The phase controller using thyristor technology power, can replace the lotus root stepless adjusting magnetization current transformer, magnetic powder detectio
8、n equipment for our country electronic and the basic foundation miniaturization。Intelligent equipment already production application optoelectronic scanning image recognition magnetic powder flaw detector has successfully developed。Using the computer processing magnetic image on the test of reality
9、to much progress, automation and half automation equipment has many applications。 The ferromagnetic materials workpiece magnetized by the existence of continuity, to make the work surface and near surface of magnetic induction line to occur from local distortion leakage magnetic field, on the surfac
10、e of the adsorption of magnetic powder, in the right light visual visible magnetic image formation, which shows the location of the continuity not size and shape and severity。The magnetic powder detection quality control, is based on magnetic powder detection sensitivity and influence the inspection
11、 reliability of the categories to try to control foundation。Magnetic particle testing ability, depends on the size of the magnetic field on the extension direction and defects, and the position of the defects related to such factors as the size and shape。The workpiece magnetized, when magnetic field
12、 with the direction of the defect extension direction perpendicular, defect magnetic leakage field detection sensitivity of the biggest supreme; When magnetic field with the direction of the defect extension direction Angle of 45 degrees, defects can display, but lower sensitivity; When magnetic fie
13、ld with the direction of the defect extension direction parallel, do not produce magnetic image display, not find defects。 According to the size and shape of the to the direction of defects found in the direction of the magnetic field set up, will be magnetized method are generally weeks magnetized
14、longitudinal magnetization and trap to so-called weeks with longitudinal magnetization to, is a relative of workpiece is on the part of the magnetic field。 Magnetic particle testing equipment have magnetic powder (fluorescent powder and the fluorescent powder) in liquid (water in liquid and carrying
15、 oil-base liquid) magnetic levitation liquid contrast enhancement agent standard specimens and standard test blocks and so on magnetic powder detection equipment classification form is different also, common magnetic powder testing equipment portable testing machine such as electromagnetic yoke cross magnetic yoke contacts with electrodes small magnetic。 The magnetic powder detection technology, it is to point to include magnetic particle testing preprocessing magnetized (choose magnetization method and magnetized standard) on the magnetic powder or suspension of magnetic image o
