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1、动词时态动词用以表示动作或存在状态。有人称和数的变化，有时态、语态和语气的特征。一、动词时态-* 用不同的动词形式来表示不同时间里以不同方式状态发生的动作或存在。* 时有，现在、过去、将来、过去将来；态有，一般、进行、完成、完成进行。* 英语句子中，通过谓语动词的形式变化来指示动作的时间和状态，还有时间状语来参照帮助说明动作的时间和状态。二、构成公式 时态现在过去将来过去将来一般* 动词原形* 第三人称单数+ sam, is, are, / v，v-edoften, every day, always, sometimes, once a week,on Sundays.* 动词过去式(v-e
2、d/ was, were)yesterday, last year, just now, in 1987, two years ago, at that time (moment)shall + 动词原形will (be / v)be going to, be tobe about totomorrow, next week, in the future, later, next time should +动词原形would (be / v)was/ were going towas/ were to,was/were about to常用于宾语从句或间接引语中进行amis + v-ingar
3、enow, at this moment, at present, （look, listen）was + v-ingwerethen, at this /that time at 10 o yesterday, last nightshall + be + v-ingwillshould + be + v-ingwould完成have + 过去分词has (been / v-ed)just, already, never, yet, ever, once, lately, by this time, before, since, for a long timehad + 过去分词 (been
4、 / v-ed)by, before, when引导的短语或从句。by that time, before, by the end of, by three oclockshall + have+过去分词will (been / v-ed)表将来的时间状语should + have+过去分词would (been / v-ed)表过去将来的时间状语完成进行havehas + been+ v-ing现在完成时强调已经完成，而现在完成进行时强调持续并可能继续持续下去had + been + v-ing以某一特定过去时间为前提。shall + have + v-ingwill should + ha
5、ve + v-ingwould各种时态的句型变化： 1、一般现在时肯定式否定式疑问式 一般疑问式 特殊肯定回答否定回答I study English at home everyday.I am a student in the 12 high school now.（更多的时态）1、 一般现在时 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100oC. Three plus three is six.表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表
6、频率的时间状语连用。 We always care for each other and help each other. She gets up at six every morning.表示主语的现状、性质、特征、状态时多用系动词或状态动词.He is a student. She hates computer games. The bottle holds a quarter of a pound of ink.Ice feels cold. He is happy. My father is at work.在时间、条件、让步状语从句（when, while, if, even tho
7、ugh）中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 When he arrives, he will let you know. Even if it rains, the sports meeting will continue.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、r
8、eturn、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，也只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. The plane takes off at 11:00Tomorrow is Wednesday. The meeting begins at seven.一般现在时表正在进行的动作，用于Here comes.，There comes。表达看或听到某种情况感到喜悦、惊讶发出喊叫。Look! Here fl
9、ies a sparrow! There goes a thief! How strongly the wind blows!一般现在时代替现在完成时。主要用于say, see, hear, tell, understand, find, remember, read, write等表示互通信息的动词。They tell me its a fantastic film. I hear that you have read As You Like It.表示知觉、态度、感情、的词表示现在发生的动作，不用进行时态，常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、a
10、gree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、 seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 一般现在时用于文章标题、剧本、图片说明等。“Earthquake kills more than 2000 people.”2、 一般过去时 （动词过去式的规则和不规则变化） 表示过去具体时间发生的动作或所处的状态，常与表过去的时间状语连用：last night, yesterday, a
11、 few day ago, last year, the other day, at that time, at that moment, in 1999, just now, in old days.The fire broke out during the night. Patrick looked very well when I last saw him. Judy is going to marry the sailor she met in Rome last year. 过去经常、反复发生的动作，频率时间状语连用：always, usually, often, sometimes
12、, never, regularly.The children often went hungry in the old days. He played tennis regularly for years when he was young. 没有具体时间的过去的动作或情况：I was brought up by my grandparents in the countryside.-Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya? - Who wrote it?当叙述某一动作或状态在过去持续了一段时间后终止，或者在过去某段时间发生了若干次时，用一般
13、过去时，而不用现在完成时。I lived in London for many years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to China. 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中或表过去将来的动作（过去时背景下的主将从现）She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.Melissa told me that immediately she arrived, she would ring me up. 在谈及已去世的人时多用过去时：Luxun was
14、 a great writer. 常用一般过去时的句型： since-They have been friends ever since they were in primary school.Why didnt you think of that? I didnt notice it. I didnt recognize him. I forgot to tell you I had been there before. used to do sth- Tom used to play football.3、 一般将来时 将来要发生的动作或状态，用will / shall +动词（与表将来的
15、时间状语tomorrow、next week, in the future, later,等连用）。 Next week we will take part in the Olympic Games. I will be better next time表示一种趋向或习惯动作，或将来某一时间内经常反复发生的动作。 Well die without air or water. I will come and see you every month next year.表示位置转移的瞬间动词如come、go、start、begin、leave、arrive、return、do, die, lose, fly等常用现在进行时表示预计即将发生的动作。 Were l
