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1、Lesson 1 Student HandoutReference Answers to ExercisesExercise 1: Which of the two italicized expressions do you think is more appropriate in academic writing?1. The government has made considerable/great progress in solving the problem.2. We got/obtained excellent results in the experiment.3. A los
2、s of jobs is one of the consequences/things that will happen if the process is automated.4. The results of lots of/numerous tests have been pretty good/encouraging.5. The relationship between the management and workers is extremely/really important.6. Some suggestions springing up from/arising from
3、the study will be presented.7. Crash test dummies are really important for/an integral part of automotive crash tests. 8. According to a recent study just about/nearly 25% of all cell phone users view text messaging as an important source of entertainment.Exercise 2: Underline the phrasal verbs in t
4、he sentences and replace them with a more appropriate verb from the list below. Change forms where necessary.fluctuate investigate eliminate raise reduce propose intervene determine1. Researchers have been looking into the problem for 15 years. _ investigateing_2. This issue was brought up during th
5、e seminar. _raised_3. It is assumed that the management knows what is happening and will therefore step in if there is a problem. _intervene_4. Schools cannot altogether get rid of the problem of truancy. _eliminate_5. The number of staff has been cut down recently. _reduced_6. It was very difficult
6、 to find out exactly what happened. _determine_7. House prices have a tendency to go up and down. _fluctuate_8. A potential solution was put forward two years ago. _proposed_Exercise 3: Replace the following phrasal verbs with a more formal single word.1. The locals could not put up with the visitor
7、s from the city. _tolerate_2. The decline was brought about by cheap imports. _caused_3. The university is thinking about recruiting more students. _considering_4. Sales are likely to drop off in the third quarter. _decline_5. The meeting was put off until December. _postponed_6. Given our fast-pace
8、d society, people must routinely put creative solutions to unexpected problems into practice. _implement_7. Some people have cut down on their consumption of beef. _reduced_8. The cinema was pulled down ten years ago. _demolished_Exercise 4: Use a more formal word or phrase to replace the italicized
9、 word.1. The reaction of the officials was sort of negative. _rather/quite/to an extent_2. The economic outlook is nice. _optimistic/promising_3. The new method we have adopted seems good._satisfactory/effective/efficient_4. She was given the sack because of her poor record. _be fired/dismissed/laid
10、 off_5. The competition we are facing has gotten more intense. _intensified_6. Many urban areas do not have enough land to build new public schools. _lack_7. Allergic reactions to local dental anesthesia do not happen very often. _rarely occur/happen_8. The doors on these ferries were made bigger to
11、 make it easier to load vehicles. _enlarged; to facilitate loading_ Exercise 5: Lets suppose you want to follow the considerations we have talked about. What problems may the following sentences have? How would you revise them? 1. You can use this model to optimize the water supply.second personThis
12、 model can be used to optimize the water supply. / The water supply can be optimized using this model.2. So, why did the bridge collapse? Therere a lot of reasons.informal; contractionThe bridge collapsed for many reasons. / Many reasons account for the bridge collapse. 3. In addition to herbs, anim
13、al products are employed in some forms of traditional medicine frequently.Mid-place of the adverb: frequentlySome forms of traditional medicine frequently employ both herbs and animal products. / In addition to herbs, animal products are frequently employed4. So far there hasnt been much research on
14、 how conflict influences the level of trust and respect in a group. informal; contraction; negative formTo date, no comprehensive study has examined how conflict influences trust and respect in a group. / To date, little research has examined how conflict influences trust and respect in a group 5. T
15、here are several studies in epidemiology that have shown that when people consume alcohol in moderate amounts they have a lower risk of developing heart disease in comparison to those people who drink a lot of alcohol.wordySome studies in epidemiology have concluded that moderate alcohol consumption results in a lower risk of heart disease. / Some studies in epidemiology have shown that mod
