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1、一、句子成分英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析（语法高手必备） 英语句子成分分析第 页v（一）句子成分的定义：v构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。v句子成分有主要成分和次要成分（一般共九中成分）；v主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。（二）主语：v 主语 (Subject)v是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。（但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中， 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。）v主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如：（请画出主语）vThree plus two is five.It
2、is a great pleasure to swim in the riverv Smoking does harm to the health.There are many students in my class.v Are you a student?Here comes the bus.vHe can do it and so can I.Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. （主语从句）v（三）谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：v1
3、、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.v2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.谓语体现时态和语态 。时态（与非谓语比较）语态现在时：一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时:Is /am/are+-或does/doIs/am/are+doingHas/h
4、ave +doneHas/have+been+doingIs/am/are+Is /am/are+being+ Has/have+been+现在完成进行时:过去时:一般过去时: Was/were+-或did过去进行时: Was/were+doing过去完成时：Had+done过去将来时：Would/should+doWas/were+ Was/were+being+Had+been+Would/should+be+done将来时:一般将来时:Shall/will+doShall/will+be+将来进行时:Shall/will+be+doing将来完成时: Shall/will+have+do
5、ne- Shall/will+have+been+非谓语动to doto have done to be doingto be doneto have been donedoinghaving done donebeing donehaving been done主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式动名词分词现在过去亲：找出非谓语动词并分析其成分吧！1. She found the door closed.2. Having been told many times, he made the same mistake.3. Given more time, we could do it much b
6、etter.4. Walking on the street, he came across his former teacher.5. The meeting being held is very important.6. A big fire broke out in a shop, causing 100 deaths.（四）表语v表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。v表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动词 ing、介词短语及表
7、语从句表示。例如：1. The weather has turned cold.2. The speech is exciting.（五）宾语v宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：（请画出宾语）1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.5. He pretended not to see
8、me.6. I enjoy listening to popular music.7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（六）宾语补足语v英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子 的意义完整。v带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等)+宾语+宾补）。v宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：（请画出宾语补足语）1. His father named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat wh
9、ite.3. Let the fresh air in.4. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5. We saw her entering the room.6. We often hear the song sung by him.7. We found everything in the lab in good order.8. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（七）定语v修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：（请画出
10、定语）1. Guilin is a beautiful city.2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.3. There are thirty women teachers in our school.4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.6. He is reading an article about how to lea
11、rn English.7. Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.（八）状语v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下 形式表示 ：（请画出状语部分吧）1. Light travels most quickly.2. He has lived in the city for ten years.3. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.4. H
12、e is in the room making a model plane.5. Once you begin, you must continue.9 种状语种类如下：1. How about meeting again at six?2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3. I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5. She put the eggs into the basket with
13、 great care.v She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.In order that he can catch with the others7. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8. She works very hard though she is old.9. I am taller than he is.（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词
14、或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：（请画出同位语）1. This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.2. Many students, about 60, are in my class.3. The fact that our team won the game has been known to all.（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有 to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如To be frank, I dont quite agree with you
15、.句子成分详解图：句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons
