《yingyu四级阅读技巧.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《yingyu四级阅读技巧.doc（23页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、四级考试阅读理解中的四不要从新教学大纲对阅读能力的要求中，我们知道它主要包括阅读速度和阅读理解两个方面，笔者在西北工业大学学生中做了问卷调查，其中约95%的学生认国掌握词汇量太少是影响阅读理解的首要问题；阅读速度方面，绝大多数学生认为他们在不同程度上都有以下不良阅读习惯：（1）“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读。一遇到生词，便停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。（2）“唇读”，即有的学生在阅读中寺喜欢读出声来，或即使不出声，嘴唇了居动，或脑子里也在想着读音，无形当中影响了大脑的思维速度。（3）“回读”，即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首甚至段首重读
2、；还有相当多的学生对阅读忆经产生心理定势，即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，浪费很多时间。（4）“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行膛词逐句的翻译，通过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法，习惯于在不加限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯。四级考试阅读理解技巧四级阅读测试一般包括4篇文章的阅读，每篇后有5道选择题。这些的类型多种多样，但归纳起来大致可分为二大类，即全域型问题（Global Question）和局域型问题（Local Question ）. Local Question一般涉及三方面内容：Subject Matter, Attitud
3、e/Tone; Local Question 涉及：Supporting Details ,Inference, Vocabulary.以下，我们将针对四级考试的特点、出题范畴、出题方式等，根据这些问题在考试出题中的大致排列顺序，进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能训练。 四级考试阅读理解技巧（一）关于主题思想问题（Subject Matter）Subject Matter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表达的的主要内容是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种Supporting Details来阐明中心议题。因此，把握主要思想对于全文内容理解具有重要意义。熟悉四级测试的人都知道，这类问题常被列
4、为5题之首。然而，如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案，而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。针对SM问题，应采用快速阅读法（Skimming）浏览全文，理解文章主旨大意，阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也不同，但阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题（SM）。根据批发部在内容的不同，这类问题可分杰主题型、标题型和目的型。主题型一目了然就是找中心（Main Idea）;标题型是为文章选择标题（Title）;目的型就是推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）.这类题常见的命题方式有：（1） What
5、 is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?（2） What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?（3） The main theme of this passage is _.（4） The main point of the passage is_.（5） Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?（6） The title that best expresses the theme of the passage
6、is _.（7） On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ?（8） The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _.（9） Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?1. 关于主题型Example 1:Oceanography has been defined as The application of all science
7、s to the study of the sea Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between .Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work .For most people the sea was remote , and with t
8、he exception of early intercontinental travelers or others , who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to what lay beneath the surface ,The first time that thequestion What is at the bottom of oceans ? had to be answered with any commercial c
9、onsequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile( 轮廓)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853 , for infor
10、mation on this matter. In the 1840s,Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(试探)were taken investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cab
11、le was laid , but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts
12、of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples form the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being
13、 published in 1895 .This passage is mainly about_.A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early intercontinental communications本题问及全篇的中心思想。通过快读（skimming ）我们知道这是一篇叙述海洋学的文章。第一段谈的是关于海洋学的定义；第二段是讲19世纪前对海洋感兴对趣的科学家不多；第三段谈到由于有人提了铺设
14、海底电缆，人们才开始研究海底深处究竟是什么；第四段说Maury考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现引起广泛的注意；第五段讲修筑海底电缆过程中发现大量的海洋生物；最后一段是海洋学研究的成果。可风全篇主要是讲海洋学的研究是如何开展起来的，所以正确答案是A）。文章有个地方谈到铺设义；第二段是讲19世纪前对海洋感兴趣的科学家不多；第三段谈到由于有人提出铺设海底电缆，人们才开始研究海底深处究竟有什么；第四段说Maury考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现引起广泛的注意；第五段讲修筑海底电缆过程中发现大量的海洋生物；最后一段是海洋学研究的成果。可见全篇主要是讲海洋学的研究是如何开展起来的，所以正确答案是A）。文章有好几个地方
15、谈到铺设海底电缆B）和越洋通讯（D），但都是围绕着海洋学这条主线的。至于C)，测量海洋深度，只是一个细节，不可能是文章的中心意思四级考试阅读理解技巧（二）2关于标题型Example :A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地 ) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for along time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transpo
