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1、2014高考英语阅读理解答案解析一九C82012辽宁卷 BAstronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the days work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station(ISS)ISS crewmember
2、s usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email,
3、Internet phone and through private video conferences.While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages,
4、videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving ast
5、ronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(冲浪)” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at
6、 the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earths vast land mass and oceans.60What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AFind. BCopy. CChange. DLose.61Which of the following best describe
7、s the families of the astronauts on the ISS?AThey are caring and thoughtful.BThey are worried and upset.CThey are impatient and annoyed.DThey are excited and curious.62In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts _.Aget more pleasure in space than on the EarthBfind living in space a bit
8、boring and tiringCregard space life as commonDlove to see the Earth from space63The passage mainly discusses how astronauts _.Awork for longer missions in spaceBconnect with people on the EarthCobserve the Earth from spaceDspend their free time in space【要点综述】本文是记叙文。宇航员的生活往往是与众不同的，但是在国际空间站的工作人员的生活可以跟
9、在地球上的生活很相似。他们可以与家人或者朋友联系，也可以做一些日常的活动。60. B词义猜测题。联系They work five days on and two days off我们知道，他们的生活与地球上是一样的，因此答案为B。61. A推理判断题。从第二段我们知道，在飞行前，这些航天员的家人以及朋友为他们准备了照片、书籍等供他们消遣的东西，因此他们是很体贴和想法周全的。D有一定干扰性，文章没有讲述家人或者朋友对于这些宇航员工作的兴奋与好奇，因此可以排除。62. D推理判断题。从最后一段我们知道，这些宇航员喜欢从窗口看外面的世界，并且地球在不同时间提供了不同的画面。63. D主旨大意题。全文
10、讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友的联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。 C82012江苏卷 Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be r
11、eleased at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinf
12、rared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues
13、 also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemi
14、cal changes. That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (O
15、NB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This
16、one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called Bhc. When the
