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1、初中英语宾语从句用法及配套练习(一). 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which
2、和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“与否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) h
3、e lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.(二). 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.(三). 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般目前时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：I don
4、t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完毕时）。例如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that
5、 he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般目前时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.(四).直接引语与间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，一般用连词与主句联接。直接引语变间接引语：1、变人称（动词的
6、变化可根据实际状况，可用say, tell, ask, beg等）如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。She said, “My brother wants to go shopping with me.”She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”He asked to K
7、ate how her sister was then.He said, “You are too clever.” He said to me I was too clever. He said he was too clever.He asked, “Is your father older than your mother?” He asked me if my father is older than my mother.如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good student.” M
8、r. Smith said Jack (he) was a good boy.2、变时态主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：一般目前时变为一般过去时, 目迈进行时变为过去进行时, 一般将来时变为过去将来时目前完毕时变为过去完毕时, 一般过去时变为过去完毕时, 过去完毕时仍为过去完毕时过去进行时仍为过去进行时某些代词，限定词，表达时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下： 直接引语 间接引语 today that day now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yeste
9、rday two days before tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come go bring take 如下状况时态不变主句时态为多种目前时或一般将来时He says, “I c
10、leaned the room.” He says he cleaned the room.直接引语是客观真理The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语
11、Jack said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.” Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.直接引语如果是一般目前时，表达一种反复浮现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning.3、变状语时间状语变化：now 变为then；yesterday变为the day before; today 变为that day.He said, “I want to go swimm
12、ing now.” He said he wanted to go swimming then.地点状语变化(特别表达方向性的)：here 变为thereHe said, “You should come here at 7:00.” He said I should go there at 7:00.批示代词变化：this 变为thatHe said, “This book is mine.” He said that book was his.4、变句型陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。He said, “Im very glad.” He said that he was very g
13、lad.一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” He asked if (whether) John could come that afternoon.特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” He said where Mr. Wang was.直接引语是祈使句变为tell（ask, order, beg等）sb. (not) to do sth.句型“Open the door, please,”
14、 said she. (Mary said) She asked him (me) to open thedoor.直接引语是lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，一般用“suggest +动名词或从句”He said, “Lets go to see the movies.”He suggested going to see the movies.He suggested that they should go to see the movies.宾语从句专项练习一、单选题1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. th
