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1、人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit8SectionB教材全解Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?Unit 8 Section B教材全解1.Just go along Bridge Street and turn left when you see the library.就请沿着大桥街走，当你看到图书馆时，向左转。【重点注释】just此处作副词，用在祈使句中，以引起对某事的注意，有时可以使语气婉转，意思是“就请，尽管好了”。例如：Just(=Please) come here a moment.请过来一下。Just listen to me!就请听一
2、听我说！If you have any difficulties,just tell me.如果你有什么困难，尽管告诉我。Just sit here and have a short rest.就坐在这儿稍微休息一会儿吧。along此处作介词，意为“沿着”，相当于down。例如：We can walk along that road.我们可以沿着那条路走。There are trees all along the road.沿着这条路从头到尾都有树。We walked along the river.我们沿河散步。【拓展】along还可作副词，意为“向前，一同”。与动词连用时，常与on同义，表
3、示“向前移动”。例如：Come along,Ling Feng.凌峰，来吧。Let us walk along.让我们向前步行。【注意】课本原句中，go along=walk along,这两个短语都意为“沿着走”，along无方向性。go down=walk down也表示“沿着走”，但down指由北向南，由中心向四周。turn left意为“向左转”，turn是不及物动词，意思是“转向”，left是副词，意思是“在左边，向左”。turn right意思是“向右转”，反义短语为turn left，它们分别相当于turn to the right和turn to the left。例如：Tur
4、n left and the hospital is on the right.向左拐，医院就在右边。You have to turn right here.你必须在这里向右转。【拓展记忆】1）turn还用过连系动词，意为“变得”，相当于become。例如：In autumn,the leaves turn yellow.秋天树叶变黄。2）left还用作名词，意思是“左边”，其反义词是right，意思是“右边”。例如：Look at the picture on the left.请看左边的这幅图画。It is on the right of the garden.它在花园的右面。2.Go a
5、long Long Street and its on the right.沿着长街走，它在右边。【重点注释】on the right在右边，on ones right=on the ritht of在的右边；on the left在左边，on ones left=on the left of在的左边参见以上“拓展记忆”的“left”注释。例如：Whos the boy on the left?左边的男孩是谁？Daming is sitting on Amys right.= Daming is sitting on the right of Amy.大明坐在埃米的右边。3.Turn righ
6、t at the first crossing and the restaurant is on your left,across from the pay phone.在第一个十字路口向右转，餐厅在你的左边，付费电话的对面。【重点注释】crossing名词，意为“十字路口”，at the first crossing在第一个十字路口。例如：Turn left at the second crossing.在第二个十字路口向左拐。【拓展】turn right/left at the+序数词+crossing=Take the+序数词+crossing on the right/left.意为“
7、在第几个十字路口向右/向左转”。例如：Turn left at the second crossing.=Take the second crossing on the left.在第二个十字路口向左转。【注意】turning（名词）是“转弯”的意思，例如：Take the first turning on the left.在第一个转弯处（此处非“十字路口” ）左转。on your left在你的左边。on ones left/right意为“在某人的左边/右边”，此处left是名词，意为“左边”（参见注释2）。例如：Zhang Feng is sitting on my left.张峰坐在
8、我的左边。常见的指路的表达方式(1)Walk /Go along/up/downroad/street.沿着路/街往前走。(2)Turn right/left at thecrossing/turning.=Take thecrossing/turning on the right/left.在第路口处向右/左转。(3)Go across the bridge.过桥。(4)Go on until you reach the一直走到。(5)Its between theand the它在和之间。(6)Its next to/near the它紧接着/靠近。(7)Its on your left/
9、right hand side.它就在你的左/右手边。(8)Its far from here.You can take Nobus.离这儿很远。你可以乘坐路公共汽车。4.There is a zoo in my neighborhood在我的街区有一个动物园。【重点注释】neighborhood是一个集体名词，意思是“街区；街坊”，in the neighborhood意为“在附近，在邻近地区”，相当于near here；in the neighborhood of=in ones neighborhood意为“在的附近；在小区”。例如： Is there a bank in the nei
10、ghborhood?这附近有家银行吗？We live in the neighborhood of the park.我们住在公园附近。I want to live in the neighborhood of London.我想住在伦敦附近。【拓展记忆】某些名词+hood可以构成另一个意思相近的名词。neighbor（邻居）+hoodneighborhood（街坊）；child（孩子）+hoodchildhood（幼年，童年）5.I like to spend time there on weekends.我喜欢在那儿度过周末时光。【重点注释】spend是动词，在此句中意为“度过，花（时间）
11、”。spend还有“花费金钱”之意。例如：Where do you spend the most time?你的大多数时间在哪里度过？I want to spend my winter vacation in France.我想在法国度过我的寒假。Im going to spend ten days in Japan.我打算在日本度过十天。You can spend five yuan on the book.你可以花5元钱买这本书。【辨析记忆】spend，take，cost与pay：四者都有“花费”之意，但用法不同。spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)spend time/mon
12、ey on sth.在上花费时间/金钱。I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)spend time/money(in)doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。They spent two years (in) building this bridge.建造这座桥花了他们两年时间。cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：(1)sth. cost(s) (sb.)+金钱，意思是“某物花了（某人）多少钱”。A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
13、(2)(doing)sth.costs (sb.)+时间，意思是“某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间”。Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。take的主语是物，后面常接双宾语，常见用法如下：(1)It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth.takes sb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。Repairing this car
14、 took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。pay的主语是人，基本用法如下：(1)pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买。I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英镑的房租。(2)pay for sth.付的钱。I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱。Dont worry!Ill pay for you.别担心！我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb.付钱给某人。They p
15、ay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)pay money back还钱。May I borrow 12 yuan from you?Ill pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。spend，take，cost与pay的基本用法spend主语是人Sb.spend(s)on sth.Sb.spend(s)(in) doing sth.某人花时间/金钱做某事I spent 5 yuan on that book.take常用it作形式主语It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花费多长时间做某事It took him sever days to make the big cake.cost主语是物Sth.cost(s) sb.some money.某物花费某人多少钱The book cost me 5 yuan.pay主语是人Sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人为某物付款I paid 5yuan for the book.【试题链接】My father one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.A.spent B.cost C.paid D.took
