《译林9年级英语语法定语从句讲解与练习及答案剖析》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《译林9年级英语语法定语从句讲解与练习及答案剖析（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、定语从句前言：虽然定语从句在初中语法中出现的较晚，且中考所占分数比列不高，因此，对学生的要求不是很高，但是初中阶段的定语从句是为高中的进一步学习打下基础，因此，这部分知识比较重要，希望同学们要予以重视。语法定语从句（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则
2、放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1）Themanwholivesnexttoussapoliceman.2） YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who（宾格who,所有格whose）和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1
3、)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys
4、which在句子中做主语)(2) Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday(which在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.衽句子中做主语)(6) Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor(2
5、) Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfalleninwhose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokerwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyello?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellox?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(专背)Thetree,thatisfourhundr
6、edyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that,不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、
7、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which0.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.(g)为了避免重复.(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefha
8、ndedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。(三)、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词二介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/.which(介词同先彳亍同搭配)when=during/on/in/.which份词同先彳T词搭酉己)1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1) ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2) ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
9、2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool(2) Thetimewhenwegottogethefinallycame.注表示时间time词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Ea
10、chtimehegoestobusinesstriphebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetG每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane(2) Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinv
11、itationsnotclear,(2) Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschooebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsagoThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsagoDoyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclu?
12、Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclu?ThisisthereasonwhyhecamelateThisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate练习练习一（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1. Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2. Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3. BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.
13、4. Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5. Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6. Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7. Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.8. Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9. Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10. Ispoketotheman.Themani
14、saprofessor.（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. Thehouseweliveinisverybig.2. Theboyiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3. Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.4. Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5. Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.6. Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.7. Shewearsagoldring,is
15、veryuncommoninourclass.8. Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.9. Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?10. IllneverforgetthedaysIjoinedtheLeague.练习二一、单项填空1. -WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?-Oh!ItsMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2. Ihatethepeopledonthelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3. TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4. GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A. who B. whom C. heD. which5. This is the place I have
