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1、被动语态一、被动语态概述：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)Thedoorwasopened这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)二、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建造的。Hewaselectedchair
2、man.他被选为主席。2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。Theroomhasntbeencleanedyet.房间还没有打扫。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了。3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4、表示客观的说明常用Itis+过去分词.句型。ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.据说露茜已经出国了。Iti
3、sbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是个间谍。5、其它常见的Itis+过去分词+that句型还有：Itisreportedthat据报道Itissaidthat据说Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itissuggestedthat有人建议三、主动语态变为被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tomkilledhim.HewaskilledbyTom.(2) 将动词改为be+过去分词”。Theyheldameetingyesterday.Am
4、eetingwasheldbythemyesterday.(他们昨天开会了)(3) 将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。Hesangasong.Asongwassungbyhim.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：(1)主动句中的主语如果是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示”人们”、”大家”的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去by，但原主语被强调者除外。如：Theysetupthishospitalin1975.Thishospitalwassetupin1975.(这所医院建于1975年)。(2)含有双宾语，即直接宾
5、语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look,feel,smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take，haveAnaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(X)昨天发生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.()Theflower
6、smellssweet.这花闻起来很香。Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。六、各种时态的被动语态举例：1一般现在时(am/is/are+done)Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。2一般过去时(was/were+done)Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。3一般将来时(will/shallbe+done;begoingtobedone)Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。4现在进行时与
7、过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.问题正在被讨论。5现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。6过去完成时(hadbeen+done)Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。Exercises:一、单项选择1. Goodbooksagainandagain.A. shou
8、ldbereadedB.shouldberead2. Thechildrenbythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.mustreadD.oughttoreadC.werelookedafterD.lookedA.gave,didntlistenC.give,wasntlistenedC.is,happenD.was,happenedC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussedC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt3. He_somepiecesofadvice,buthetothem.4. wasgiven,wasn
9、tlistenedD.wasgiven,didntlistenWhentheaccident?5. A.was,happenB.did,happenThequestionbyussoon.6. A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussThelababoutforfiveyears.7. A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltAlotoftallbuildingsinhishometowninthelastthreeyears.8. A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setupTheyprinting500copiesbyt
10、heendoflastmonth.9. A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinishedRice_alsointheirhometown.10. A.isgrownB.isgrewC.wasgrewD.wasgrownHebytheteachers.11. A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraisedGreatchangesplace.Manynewschools.12. A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,are
11、openaretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopenedThepictureinOctober,1996.13. A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtakenWecantusethebridgenow,becauseit.14. A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepairedIthewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.15. A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowingThewa
12、rin1941.16. A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenoutWhenthewater,itwillbechangedintovapour.17. A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heatsWecantentertheroombecauseitsdoor.18. A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islockingTheydayandnight.19. A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowo
13、rkChanganRoadisofpeople.20. A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulledMan-madesatellitesintospacebymanycountries.21. A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentupThisEnglishsongoftenbythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sung22. ThewindowsofourhouseC.will,singD.was,sungonceaweek.23. A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscle
14、anedD.arecleanedWhenthePeoplesRepublicofChina?24. A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,foundMarysradiobymybrotherjustnow.25. A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mendedYourexercisebooksafterclass.C.handedinD.mustbehandedin26. A.willhandinB.musthandinSometreesmayatothertimesoftheyear.D.willbepl
15、anted27. A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedThesunatnightasusual.28. A.canbeseenB.cantseeC.cantbeseenD.doesntseeAnewEnglishplaytherenextweek.29. A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedonAstrangethinginourschoolyesterday.30. A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappenTheglass.ItbylittleTomthismorning.A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbrokenC.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken二、把下列句子改为被动语态：1. TheyholdameetingeveryThursday.2. Thegovernmentplantedthousandsoftreesin2010.3. Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.4. Wewill
