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1、综述中文名称定语从句 / 形容词性从句英文名称Attributive Clauses定义在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系词起连接作用，同时又在定语从句中充当句子成分。分类限定性定语从句；非限定性定语从句； 链接名师点拨先行词中文名称先行词英文名称The antecedent定义顾名思义，在定语从句（及其引导词）的前面，被定语从句修饰的词就叫先行词。先行词常由名词、名词词组或代词充当。举例1. This is the
2、dog ( that) you bought two years ago. （the dog是先行词。）2. The book I read last night is very interesting.（The book是先行词。）关系代词中文名称关系代词英文名称Relative pronouns定义关系代词是关系词的一种。引出定语从句的代词，叫关系代词。关系代词通常出现在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接的作用，同时又在定语从句中充当句子成分，有些情况可省略。例词that, which, who, whom, whose等。用法关系代词引导的限定性定语从句；关系代词引导的非限定性定语从句关系词先
3、行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the woman who is talking with your teacher?whom, which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Green i高考资源网s the person with whom I am working.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about science.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate
4、. that人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语宾语The bike (which) I gave you was worth $30.The picture which was about the earthquake was terrible.as人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same key as I lost yesterday.
5、 as作宾语一般不省略注意事项1.关系代词which和that 的区别that既可代表事物也可代表人，which只代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。 下列情况下，只用关系代词which。在关系词前面有介词或逗号后面是非限定性定语从句时必用关系代词which，其余大多用万能的关系代词that。记忆口诀：in which，(逗号) which； 其余都用万能的that。例如：This is the classroom in which she learns to play soccer. （在关系词前面有介词in，只能用w
6、hich） in which= whereShe broke the window, which was a pity. （逗号后面是非限定性定语从句，只能用which）Which修饰和补充说明前面整个句子，指她打碎窗户这件事。注意：含有介词的动词短语look for, look after, take care of等一般不拆开使用。例如：This is the dog which/that I am looking for. （这里for不能提前）This is the house that/which she is looking for.（这里for不能提前）下列情况下，只用万能的关系
7、代词that。 （记忆联想：无论是第一还是最后，最高还是最低，拿不定，怕重复时，就用万能的that。）A. 先行词是序数词、the last、the only或被它们修饰时；（联想：无论第一还是最后） 例如：I will never forget the first lesson (that) you gave me. 我将不会忘记你给我上的第一课。 B. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰；（联想：最高还是最低）例如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 C. 先行词为all, everything, anything,
8、 nothing, none 等不定代词时或由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时； （联想：拿不定）例如：All (that) she lacked was training. 她所缺乏的就是训练。D. 先行词中既有人又有物时；（联想：怕重复）例如：They were talking about the teachers and the schools that they had visited. 他们在谈论他们所拜访的学校和老师。 E. 主句中含有who或which等特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时；（联想：怕重复）例如：Who is
9、the man that is standing there? 站在那里的那个男人是谁？Which is the skirt that fits me most? 哪条是最适合我的裙子？F. 先行词the first time, By the time, the time等后面的定语从句用that引导，可以省略。（联想：怕重复时的“时”）例如：That was the first time I saw her. 那是我第一次看到她。By the time he arrived, you had left. 在他到达之前，你已经离开了。The time they got together fin
10、ally came. 他们相聚的时间终于到了。3. which和as引导定语从句时的区别定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后或句子中间1. As is often the case, he came back home at midnight. 情况常常就是这样，他
11、半夜回到了家。（as可放句首，which不能。）2. She saw her husband, as/which she had hoped. 如她所愿，她看到了她的丈夫。（as和which都可放主句后。）as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。1. He is a native speaker, as I know from his accent. 正如我从他的口音判断的那样，他讲的是他的母语。(as指代一个句子，意为“正如”、“就像”)2. He has to stay at home, which he doesnt like. 他不得
12、不呆在家里，这是他不喜欢的。(which指代一个句子，没有“正如”、“就像”)关系副词中文名称关系副词英文名称Relative adverbs定义关系副词是关系词的一种。引出定语从句的副词，叫关系副词。关系副词通常出现在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接的作用，同时又在定语从句中充当句子成分，有些情况可省略。例词where, when, why等。用法关系副词引导的限定性定语从句；关系副词引导的非限定性定语从句用法：关系词先行词句子成分例句备注关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met here.可用on whichwhere地点地点状
13、语This is the house where Luxun was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he refused my offer.可用for which限定性和非限定性定语从句（一）限定性定语从句 中文名称限定性定语从句 / 限制性定语从句英文名称Restrictive Attributive Clauses定义限定性定语从句是定语从句的一种，它对所修饰的先行词有限定作用，使该词的含义更准确。限定性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。分类1. 关系代词th
14、at, which, who, whom, whose引导的限定性定语从句；2. 关系副词where, when, why引导的限定性定语从句；3. 准关系词as, than等引导的限定性定语从句。例句1. He brought home a box in which there was a dog. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句2. This is the bed where you should sleep.先行词 关系副词 定语从句3. The dog is a gift that his friends sends him. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句基本用法1. 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose引导的限定性定语从句。这几个代词中，who指人；which指物；that指人或物（that做宾语能省）；whom指人的宾格，常由who/that代替；whose相当于形容词，指人的或物的。例如：People found a dog which/that danced very well. 人们发现了一只跳舞很好的狗。(thatwhich这里指物，that做主语不能省)It is a lovely dog which(that) everyone loves. 它是一只人人喜欢的可爱的小狗。(thatwh
