《英语四级翻译答题技巧.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级翻译答题技巧.doc（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英语四级备考指南：翻译题应对策略1) 分句法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。例1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)例2 他为人单纯而坦率。译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)例3 The mother might have spok
2、en with understandable pride of her child.译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开)2)合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。译文:She had made several attempts to help t
3、hem find other rental quarters withoutsuccess.(多个简单句合成一个单句)例6 他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to themachinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely beingpolite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复
4、合句合成一个单句)3) 正译法就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。例1 我们强烈反对公司的新政策。译文: We strongly object the companys new policy.例2 人不可貌相。译文: We cannot judge a person by his appearance.4)反译法就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。例3 酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.例4 这台机器一点儿也不复杂。译文：This machine is far from
5、being complicated.由上可见，正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没有”、“未”、“否”等字眼，或是在英语里是否使用no, not等词或带有dis- ，im- ，in- ，un- ， -less等带否定含义的词缀。读者也可将例1，例2试着用反译法表达出来。结果就是：We strongly disapprove the companys new policy.和 Appearancesare deceptive. 至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好，就要看译文是否准确规范，简练精辟，是否符合该语言使用者的表达习惯了。5) 顺序法顺序法翻译不改变原
6、文表达语序，不会影响对原文内容的理解。例 1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作：开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity isworking for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our roomsair-conditioned.在句子中，句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句，后半句的“开动”，“加热”，“使运转”都是“电在为我们工
7、作”的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式，补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思，采用顺序法翻译，达到了“精确，通顺”的目的。例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the schoollistening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among thetrees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pu
8、rsuit.译文: 那是周六的傍晚，汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上，一面听画眉鸟唱歌，一面写一首抒情诗，忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑，后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如：lying, listening, composing, saw，这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的，如果在译文中打乱这些顺序，就反而会显得凌乱，没有逻辑。6)逆序法逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译，以便更好地传达原文的内容。例 3 他经常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。请读者比较下面两句译文，你认为哪一句较好？译文1:When he
9、attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found thathe took a different one that day.译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usuallyoccupied when he chose to attend worship.两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译，第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓，且前后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为he，后半句主语是 they)，给人表述混乱
10、之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来，内容清晰，结构紧凑。顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言，六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法，但作为翻译策略之一，应有所了解。附录一：英语满分作文必背20句1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have un
11、pleasant associations withhomework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。5. An increasing number of pe
12、ople are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons
13、 physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the greatefforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。9. An increasing n
14、umber ;of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市
15、居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和*。10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: thecity authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude towar
