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1、附录外文文献Dual clutch transmissionFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaA dual clutch transmission, commonly abbreviated to hoop DCT (sometimes informally referred to as a twin-clutch gearbox, double clutch transmission, or similar variations thereof), is a differing type of semi-automatic or automated m
2、anual automotive transmission. It utilises two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets. It can fundamentally be described as two separate manual transmissions (with their respective clutches) contained within one housing, and working as one unit. They are usually operated in a fully automatic m
3、ode, and many also have the ability to allow the driver to manually shift gears, albeit still carried out by the transmissions electro-hydraulics.This type of transmission was invented by Frenchman Adolphe Kgresse just prior to World War II but he never developed a working model. The first actual DC
4、Ts arrived from Porsche in-house development, for Porsche racing cars in the 1980s, when computers to control the transmission became compact enough: the Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (English: dual clutch gearbox) (PDK) used in the Porsche 956 and 962 Le Mans race cars from 1983, and the Audi Spo
5、rt Quattro S1 rally car. A dual clutch transmission eliminates the torque converter as used in conventional epicyclic-geared automatic transmissions. Instead, dual clutch transmissions that are currently on the market primarily use two oil-bathed wet multi-plate clutches, similar to the clutches use
6、d in most motorcycles, though dry clutch versions are also available. The first series production road car to be fitted with a DCT was the 2003 Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32. As of 2009, the largest number of sales of DCTs in Western Europe are by various marques of the German Volkswagen Group, though thi
7、s is anticipated to lessen as other transmission makers and vehicle manufacturers make DCTs available in series production automobiles. In 2010, on BMW Canadas website for the 3 Series Coupe, it is described both as a 7-speed double clutch transmission and as a 7-speed automatic transmission. It is
8、actually a dual clutch semi-automatic. In DCTs where the two clutches are arranged concentrically, the larger outer clutch drives the odd numbered gears, whilst the smaller inner clutch drives the even numbered gears. Shifts can be accomplished without interrupting torque distribution to the driven
9、roadwheels, by applying the engines torque to one clutch at the same time as it is being disconnected from the other clutch. Since alternate gear ratios can pre-select an odd gear on one gear shaft whilst the vehicle is being driven in an even gear, (and vice versa), DCTs are able to shift more quic
10、kly than other cars equipped with single-clutch automated-manual transmissions (AMTs), a.k.a. single-clutch semi-automatics. Also, with a DCT, shifts can be made more smoothly than with an AMT, making a DCT more suitable for conventional road cars.Characteristic of Dual clutch gearboxAdvantages: 1.
11、Compared with the traditional planetary gear type automatic gearbox fuel economy is more advantageous to the ascension can reduce fuel consumption about 15 percent 2. During the shift, almost no damage 3. When high-grade gear is already in preparation condition, rise against extremely fast, achieve
12、astonishing 8 millisecond 4. No matter what is running mode accelerator or condition, can reach 600 shift time (at least from the odd block to millisecond odd block, or even block drop from even when it took about block, for 900 milliseconds, for example from the first five block to 3 block) Faults:
13、 1. The electric control system and hydraulic system due to the existence of gearbox efficiency, double clutch than traditional manual gearbox still used to deliver big torque, especially the wet dual clutch gearbox is even more so 2. Dual clutch gearbox cost is higher, the development of precision
14、and complex double clutch, resulting in higher prices 3. When need to switch gears in preparation condition, not shift time relatively long, in some cases even more than 1 second 4. Dual clutch gearbox, compared with the traditional manual gearbox heavier 5. Dual clutch the biggest transfer torque t
15、ransmission on the low side, restrain the engine of space 6. Early dual clutch gearbox reliability poor 7. Gearbox lubricant need according to factories require change regularly, and replacement costs is not cheap 附录外文文献翻译双离合变速器双离合变速器是当前发展最迅速的新型变速箱，它以传统手动变速箱为基础加入双和电控组件，获得优异的性能表现和良好的燃油经济性。已经成为继可变正时、可
16、变气门升程、和之后的又一个技术亮点。 简单说来DCT是两个传统手动变速箱的集合体(分别为奇数和偶数挡)，拥有两个离合器，两根输入轴，但仅有一根输出轴。离合器的分离与接合，以及挡位切换都在电脑的掌控下通过液压机构进行控制，因此也能提供手动换挡模式。动力传递效率高(意味着低)、挡位切换迅速和成本低于传统自动变速箱是双离合器变速箱的三大优势，因此得到越来越广泛的应用。 双离合器变速箱由法国人Adolphe Kgresse在二战前发明，计划用于配备充满传奇色彩的Traction，但当时的市场状况并不适合商业应用。双离合器变速箱在等待了半个后才开始配备民用车。 上世纪80年代初，自行研发了全球首台双离合器变速箱，利用电控系统将双离合器变速箱的结构变得足够紧凑，称为Doppelkupplungsgetriebe(德语，简称PDK)。首款PDK双离合器变速
