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1、比较结构comparative Construction英语中比较结构最主要有三种asas 结构morethan 结构the most结构1. asas结构基本模式as+adj/adv 原级as否定形式 not as/so+adj/adv 原级as也可用lessthan E.g John is as bright as Bob.否定John is not as bright as Bob. John is less bright than Bob.用法1.主语不同比较项目相同。This parcel is as heavy as that one.2.主语相同比较项目不同。The girl w
2、as as brilliant as she was beautiful.这姑娘既漂亮又聪明。3.主语和比较项目都不同。The swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long.倍数as adj/adv as.另一种模式as much/many n as否定形式not as/so much/many n as He took as much butter as he need. He didnt take as/so much butter as he needed.2 She has written as many essays as
3、her brother does. She hasnt written as many essays as her brother does. 变体形式as adj原级名词词组 as注意下列句子的语序A. George is as efficient a worker as Jack.名词的意义受到强调or George is a worker who is as efficient as Jack. 形容词的意义受到强调B. I dont want as expensive a car asthis.2. more than结构用法：1.用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。The conc
4、ert was more enjoyable than lecture.2.用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. 当前的危机与其说是经济危机不如说是政治危机。此用法也可用于lessthan结构但得出相反的含义。The present crisis is much less a political than an economic crisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机不如说是经济危机。3.theadj/adv最高级比较范围比较级形式表示最高级意义时比较对
5、象的范围应用any other 单数名词the other 复数名词the others anyone/anything else上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语切不可遗漏否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。补充说明1 not soas not so much as London isnt so big as Tokyo.伦敦没有东京大。It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.与其说我喜欢他的外表不如说我喜欢他的为人。前一例相当于一般的比较结构后一例相当于lessthan 的含义。not so much as
6、是一个专四常考结构。真题举例1. It is no so much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.99.45/07.572. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.04.42not more/-er than 与no more/-er thanJohn is not better than Tom
7、. 否定前者肯定后者John is nobetter than Tom.对前后者都否定真题举例Over population pose a terrible threat to human race. Yet it is probably not more a threat than environmental destruction.07.62no more than notany more than两者一样都不A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸不是鱼如同马不是鱼一样。Fat cannot change into muscle any mo
8、re than muscle changes into fat.99.44脂肪不能变成肌肉就如同肌肉不能变成脂肪一样。the morethe more与more and more/ the more.the more表示两个过程中同时递增是主从结构。more and more 只表示一个过程的不断增长。如the wilder the range of our life and the more various the contacts we have “of a n” 的比较级“of a n”相当于一个形容词表示具有后面那个名词的性质若该名词为可数名词名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用mo
9、re来修饰。如He is more of a doctor. 他更像个医生。该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。如He is as of an athlete as she. 他和她一样具备运动员的素质。虚拟语气主从句谓语动词的时态掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:主句从句与现在事实相反, 与过去事实相反, 与将来事实相反1.Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand 04年 与过去事实相反2.All of us would have enjoyed the
10、party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd people there.00年与过去事实相反3.If your car should need any attention during the first 12 monthstake it to an authorized dealer. 98年区分主从句表示的不同时间概念主从句谓语动词所指时间不同这叫做错综时间条件句动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。主句与现在事实相反从句与过去事实相反Had it not been for the timely investment from the
11、 general public our company would not be so thriving as it is.主句与现在事实相反从句与过去事实相反Had Paul received six more votes in the last election he would be our chairman now.识别事实和假设混合句Your maths instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were
12、 ill at the time. 句子前半部分为假设情况,而“父母病了”是事实.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.前半部分为假设后半部分是事实名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用should动词原形表示虚拟。下列动词做谓语时that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式desire advise recommend command dir
13、ect orderask demand request require insist maintain move propose prefer urge vote。如In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时that主语从句中动词用虚拟形式advisable desirable insistent preferable urgent appropriate com
14、pulsory crucial essential imperative importantnecessary obligatory possible probable proper vital advised arranged commanded demanded desired ordered proposed recommended requested required suggested真题举例1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulti
15、es.07.652.It is imperativethat the government attractmore investment into the shipbuilding industry.06.593.The opening ceremony is great occasion. It is essential for us to be preparedfor that. 04.62下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时从句中动词用虚拟形式insistence preference recommendation suggestion proposal motion desire requ
16、irement request order necessity importance regulation rule resolution understanding。如John Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it beanalyzed in a religious as well as worldly frame of reference.含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达而是暗含在其他结构中。连词but but that or or else副词otherwise unfortunately等表示转折
