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1、Casting 铸造manufacturing process 制造过程 molten 熔化poured 泻倒 injected 注喷solidify 固化mold cavity 模型腔part 零件delivery 递送complex 复杂function 功能projected cost 项目(目标)成本dimensions 尺寸dating back 回溯in a state of 处于状态refinement 精制、改进evolution 进化advances 进步Sand Casting 沙模铸造mold cavity 型腔formed out of 由形成patterns 阳模sp
2、rues 浇铸口design considerations 设计要素allowance 容差formed 成形加工made out of 由制造aggregate 集合体，组件flask 上箱体Core 铸芯inserted插features 形状passages通道Core print 型芯座region 部分riser 冒口extra void 额外空隙excessive 过多feed 馈送solidifies 凝固shrinks 收缩void 孔洞 空隙be to 打算做two-part mold 对开模cope 上模箱drag 下模箱parting line 分型线parting su
3、rface 分型面gating 浇口assembled 装配compacted 压紧vibration 振动mechanical means 机械方法facilitated 促进 使容易draft 拔模斜度slight angular offset 少量的角度偏移from the vertical 是定语短句，意为：偏离垂线的whichever 或者poured into 注入gating system 浇口系统sprue 铸口horizontal portion 水平部分runners 浇道multiple points 多重通路extensions 延伸vents 通风口built-up
4、累积、增强allow for 考虑到contraction 收缩shrink 萎缩factors 因素on the average 一般来说linear factors 线性因素approximate 近似impurities 杂质defect 缺点stages 阶段bonded粘接mulled 研磨additives 添加剂overall strength 整体强度about 围绕着compaction stage 压紧阶段solid 结实可靠concave 凹面Alignment pins 定位销mating 配合Chills 冷却masses 质量块put through 使完成baki
5、ng stage 烘烤阶段Mold halves 半片型模preheated 预热furnace 炉crucible 坩埚application 用途Degassing 排气portion 部分remelted scrap 再熔的碎片previously 以前volume 体积backflow 回流dendrites 枝状晶体properties 特性internal stresses 内应力constant rate 恒定速率stress free 无应力relatively 相对地homogenous 同质化eutectic point 共熔点At this point 这时候a quan
6、tity of 一些adhering 粘附A bulk of 若干options 选择vibrating table 振动台sand / shot blaster 沙粒冲击式清沙机taken 处理down to 直至oxides 氧化物Forging 锻压hot-forming 热成型components 零件items 项目plastic deformation 塑性变形compressive force 压力hammer blows 锤击base 基座work 工件anvil 铁毡semimechanized 半自动化steam 蒸汽compressed air 压缩空气hydraulic
7、 液压quantity production 量产distinction 差别open-die forging 开式模锻closed-die forging 合模锻.aided by 借助于enclose 包住stretching 拉伸thinner 薄workpiece 毛坯lateral expansion 横向膨胀upsetting 墩锻axially 轴向ram 顶杆stationary 固定不动complexity 复杂性accuracy 精确性finish 光洁度heat-resistant 耐热wear-resistant 耐磨sufficient to 足以bottom die
8、 底模rapid production 快速生产hydraulically operated presses 液压式压力机refining 改善structure 结构uniform 一致marine propeller shafts 船用螺旋桨轴squeezes 挤压drop-forge 重锤锻on account of 由于ingots of steel 钢锭manual operation 手动操作essential 基本grain structure 颗粒结构oriented 导向principal stresses 主应力encountered 遇到crystals 晶体ductil
9、ity 延展性toughness 韧性randomly oriented 随机导向finishing operations 精加工coating operations 涂层操作plating 电镀painting 涂漆straight forward 直截了当preparation 前期准备yield 产生strength to weight ratio 强度重量比frame members 框架构件crosssection 断面drawing out 拉长closed impressiondies 封闭压力模The Lathe and Its Construction 车床及其结构surfa
10、ces of revolution 旋转表面flat edges 平面外缘simultaneously 同时地(1) Engine lathes 普通车床(2) Toolroom (工具室) lathes 带刀具箱车床(3) Turret (转塔、六角) lathes 六角车床(4) Vertical turning and boring mills 立式外圆内孔车床(5) Automatic lathes 自动车床(6) Special-purpose lathes 特种车床elements要素frame 构架horizontal beam 水平横梁grey or nodular cast
11、iron 灰口或球墨铸铁guideways 导轨carriage 刀架Headstock 主轴箱spindle 主轴axis 轴线 parallel 平行gearbox 齿轮箱、变速器infinitely variable spindle speeds 无级变速主轴frictional 摩擦Bar stocks 杆件tapered 锥形lathe center 顶尖threaded 螺纹、线chuck 卡盘face plate 面板Tailstock 尾座quill 套筒轴clamping device 夹紧装置alignment 定位hardened steel tube 淬火钢管screw
12、 螺杆nut 螺母engaged 啮合twist drills 麻花钻travel path 运行轨迹carriage 刀架generating 产生longitudinal and/or cross feeds纵向和横向进刀apron 溜板箱feed rod 进刀杆、光杠lead screw 进刀螺杆screw threads 螺纹actuating 驱动lever 拨杆fed 进给worm gear 蜗轮传动装置a train of 一系列feed 进刀shifting 移动plain turning 粗车thread cutting 车螺纹link 联动is referred to as
13、 被称为Jigs and Fixtures 钻模和夹具relative to 相对secured 稳固identical 相同misplaced 错位incorporate 包含drills 钻头reamers 铰刀in the knowledge that 知道的情况assembly 组装spare parts 备件errors 误差degrees of freedom 自由度suitable location features 适当的定位表面cutting forces 切削力damping forces 夹紧力drill jig 钻模tapped 攻丝reamed 扩孔fastened to 固定在path 轨迹milling 铣削planing 刨削slot 沟槽secured 紧固
