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1、 WORD格式整理版第四章 虚拟语气 （一） 状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）If I had time, I would attend the meeting.主语+would(should could might)+动词原型表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词表示
2、与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.主语+would（could should might）+动词原型错综时间条件句主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.If you had studied hard be
3、fore, you would be a college student now.含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。She would have died without my help.。条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：1: If she were younger, she,would do it.去if：Were she younger,
4、 she would do it.2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有疑心，谓语动词用过去式。He treats the
5、 boy as if he were his own son.2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。He spoke as if he had known about it.3 表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形He acts as if he could win in the game .注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：He looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一样时，从句
6、中可省略主语和局部谓语。虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.“In case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气（should）+动词原型例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow.2.The game will be put off i
7、n case it snows.（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进展式。I wish (that) I were a bird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。I wish (that) I wouldcould
8、go.在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定
9、，命令”的：decide, order注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，说明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested (暗示）that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted 【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money.Would rather，had rather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反I would rather you told me the tr
10、uth.用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.注意：1.假设某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原型2.would rather.than中用动词原型I would rather do it by myself.Iwouldratherwatch TV at homethango to the cinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气“It is(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”构造中的虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原形或省略shouldI
11、ts quite necessary that we should have a walk now. 常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：I dont think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(汤姆缺乏经历，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当
12、的).在“It is (was)+名词+that.”构造句中的虚拟语气表示建议，命令，请求，抱歉，疑心，惊奇等。Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。二表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。M
13、y idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recomme
14、ndation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。 在It is (about/high) time+that 定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候了”其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型It is high time that you went / should go to school.注意：在this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。This is the second time that we have achieved such a
15、great success.二 选择题1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; woul
