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1、高考阅读理解训练之猜测语义猜测语义题是近年的高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型，通常在一套试题中有二至三个小题是直接考查语义猜测的.这种题主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查大家对语境的分析和把握能力。如果考生具备了一定的猜词能力，那么对于降低生词率，排除阅读理解中某些生词的干扰和最终提高阅读理解速度和阅读能力都有极大帮助。因此，今天我们来谈一谈如何猜测语义的方法。常见的设问方式：1. The underlined word “”probably means _.2. The word “”used in paragraph “”refers to/suggests_.3. The
2、phrase “”in the sentence can be replaced by _.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “”?5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “”?6. By saying “”, we mean_.7. What do you think of the expression “”stands for?8. The meaning of word “”in the passage is rela
3、ted to_.猜词规律探寻：一过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义。（1） 定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。） 等。（2） 解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is(
4、to say), in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。（3） 有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。（4） 还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-men
5、and women were allowed only one spouse(配偶) at a time. Exercises:1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man.3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre.4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick
6、on both cheeks5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people.Test 1There is no cure for Alzheimers. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms(症状). (NMET2004湖北卷B篇)61. What is ARICEPT？A、A medic
7、ine to cure Alzheimers.B、A medicine to delay signs of aging.C、A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimers.D、A medicine to cure brain damage.Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. (200
8、4福建卷E篇)(1)According to the passage, The Pines is a _.A. place in which you can see many mobile homesB. mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food二利用例证猜测语义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，
9、常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. 2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, c
10、ircles and triangles. Exercises:1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin.3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining or
11、naments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts.Test The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices - deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. (NMET2001全国A篇)56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“mi
12、nivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to _.A、cars in the makingB、car rental firmsC、cars for rentD、car makers三利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义（1） 利用反义关系推测语义 有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。 标志词有 although, but, however, whereas(反之),nevertheless(然而，不过)，on the contrary, in contrast（相对
13、）, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead(of), rather than 等。（2） 利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly等。eg. 1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism (乐观主义) can help you to be hap
14、pier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. 2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.Exercises:1. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck
15、remains grubby.2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous.3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.4. He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味)，we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.Test 1The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go t
