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1、第七章 1、Romanticism名词解释Romanticism was a movement in literature， philosophy， music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Starting from the ideas of Rousseau in France and from the Storm and Stress movement (狂飙运动) in Germany. Romanticism emphasized individual valu
2、es and aspirations (灵感) above those of society. As a reaction (反应) to the industrial revolution (工业革命)， it looked to (承上启下) the Middle Ages and to direct contact with nature (与大自然的直接接触) for inspiration (灵感)。 Romanticism gave impetus (动力支持) to the national liberation movement (民族解放运动) in 19th century
3、 Europe.2、The literary and philosophical trend (倾向) in the Romantic philosophy was represented by Transcendentalism.(先验论)3、the theoretical (理论上的) groundwork (基础) for capitalism was Adam Smiths the wealth of Nations.4、Brotherhood最早由犬儒派提出，惠特曼的草叶集也提到5、French revolution with its slogans (口号) of liberty
4、(自由)， equality and universal brotherhood.6、Blake Songs of Innocence (清白之歌) happy world Songs of Experience (经验之歌) bitter world (苦涩)7、The Laker poets (The Lakers) Wordsworth Lyrical Ballads (抒情民谣) 与 Coleridge 合写 The Prelude (序曲) Coleridge Kubla Khan (忽必烈汗) exotic culture (外来文化) The Rime of the ancien
5、t Mariner (古舟船泳)8、Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of the Romantic literature.9、Coleridges works possessed the characteristic of exotic culture. (外来文化)10、Byron Isles of Greece (希腊诸岛) Don Juan (唐璜) 莫扎特改编成歌剧 (选择)Byron 是浪漫主义时期中国最熟悉的两个战役 hence (战役) the mention (提到的) of Marathon (马拉松) and Thermopylae
6、Byronic hero 对中国影响最深的是鲁迅11、Byron created a typical hero which is call The Byronic hero.12、Byron mentioned two important wars of Marathon and Thermopylae in Isles of Greece.13、Byronic hero名词解释Byronic hero was created by Byron in the Romantic period of the English literature. The Byronic hero is chara
7、cterized by bravery and hard working spirit， such as Don Juan as the best representative of the Byronic hero.14、Shelly Ode to the West Wind (西风颂) (If Winter comes， can Spring be far behind？) Prometheus Unbound The Lyrical drama 抒情戏剧15、“If Winter comes， can Spring be far behind？” was written in Ode t
8、o the West Wind by Shelly.16、Shelly wrote a Lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound which is a parody Prometheus bound written by Aeschylus17、Keats Ode to a Nightingale (夜莺赋) Ode on a Grecian Urn (希腊古瓮颂) Beauty is truth， truth beauty. sonnets (伤籁 十四行诗) 只有真理才是永恒的美18、“Beauty is truth， truth beauty，”was writt
9、en in Ode on a Grecian Urn by Keats.19、(略)Scott The Heart of Mid-lothian (密德罗安市的监狱) Ivanhoe (撒克逊劫后英雄传)20、The death of Scott marked the end of Romanticism in England. 他的死标志着浪漫主义结束21、Victor Hugo Cromwell (介于浪漫主义与古典主义之间) Notre Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院) Les Miserables (悲惨世界) 主人公：Jean Valjean22、Victor Hugo w
10、as a best representative writer of Romanticism in France.23、George Sand Indiana (印第安纳州) misunderstook woman没受到公正待遇的女性24、Russian Romantic literature was against The Tzarist rule.(沙皇统治)25、The representative writers of Russia Romanticism were Pushkin and Lermontov.26、Pushkin Ruslan and Liudmila (罗斯兰与雷尔
11、达米拉) 与 leaves of grass 相似 Boris Godunov (布达耶夫)It is people， not the Tzar that could change history.不是沙皇改变了历史而是人 Eugene Onegin (奥涅金) based on Byrons model Don Juan.Pushkin was himself a “Byronic hero”27、Lermontov (雷蒙托夫) The death of a Poet 主人公 (poet) 是： Pushkin A Hero of Our Time (时代英雄)28、Romantic Mu
12、sic名词解释 承前启后的年代音乐家是重点The Romantic Movement in music dominated (统治) the period about 1830 to about 1900. It was merely part of a general movement， which， all over Europe， especially in Germany and France， affected (感染着) all arts. The Romantic Music is divided into two periods： The early Romantic Musi
13、c represented by Beethoven， Schubert， Chopin， Schumann， and the later Romantic Music represented by Brahms and Tchaikovsky.29、Beethoven Fate (命运交响曲)German Pastoral (田园交响曲)30、 Beethovens most important contributions to the musical world were in those musical forms associated with (伴随着) the growth of
14、the sonata.(把奏鸣曲放入钢琴去中)31、His treatment of the piano.32、Schubert Lied (art song) 艺术歌曲是由 Schubert创的 Austrian (奥地利)Music came to him as naturally as breathing. (像呼吸一样顺畅) 是形容Schubert的33、Chopin (肖邦) Polish (波兰) piano music的奠基者 He stood in the same relation to piano music that handle did to the oratorio
15、(清唱剧)， Mozart to the concerto (协奏曲) and opera， Beethoven to the symphony (交响乐)， and Schubert to the lied (艺术歌曲)。34、Schumann German His works were full of imagination. (充满幻想力) He went a good deal further than most towards individualization (个性化) and program music (标题音乐)。35、Mendelssohn (门德尔松) Fingals Cave (圣格尔的洞穴) German He was al
