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1、高考英语语法复习学案（虚拟语气）（一）“if”虚拟条件句主从句谓语动词的构成情 况if从句谓语动词的构成主句谓语动词的构成与现在事实相反过去式（be用were）should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might +have+过去分词与将来事实相反过去式（be用were）should+动词原形(should不能省略)were+不定式should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.如果他在这里，他会帮助我们的。If I had been
2、 free at that time, I would have visited you.如果那时我有空的话，我就拜访你了。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去野营。（二）省略“if”的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的“were，had，should”放到主语之前，把if省略，构成部分倒装Should he come, tell him to ring me up.如果他来，告诉他让他给我打电话。Were I you, I would not do it.如果我是你，我就不做。Had I been fr
3、ee, I would have visited you.如果我有空的话，我就拜访你了。（三）混合虚拟条件句1.不同时间的虚拟，遵守相应的规则If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.要是他听了我的话，现在就不会有麻烦了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. 要是他昨天告诉我了，我就知道现在做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）If I were you, I would have gon
4、e to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加他的生日聚会了。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）2.虚拟与陈述的混合，遵守相应的规则He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough. 他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. 你应该早一点来的，汽车刚走一会儿。（四）含蓄虚拟条件句：即不用“if”而用其它形式给出虚拟条件1.用“but for+名词”表示虚拟条件Did you make it
5、 at last? 你们最后成功了吗？Yes. But for your help, it would have caused a serious loss.成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。2.用“without+名词”表示虚拟条件Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.如果没有电的话，人类今天的生活就会大为不同。3.用“副词otherwise”表示虚拟条件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you.我当时太忙，否则
6、我就给你打电话了。4.用“连词but连接的句子”表示隐含的虚拟条件He _fatter but he eats too little.A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 【解析】答案为A。从后句“但是他吃得太少”来看，隐含着虚拟即：如果他吃得多点，就会胖些了。（五）特殊句式虚拟结构1、表示命令、要求、建议的动词后的宾语从句中虚拟语气用。常见动词：一个坚持：insist；两个命令：order, command；三个建议：advise, suggest, propose；五个要求：deman
7、d, require, request, desire，ask。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形， should可以省略。He suggested that we (should)not change our mind.他建议我们不要改变主意。He insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.他坚持要到南方去工作。注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with
8、 my decision.他的沉默说明了他同意我的决定。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.他坚持认为做早操对人的身体有益。2.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+ that从句(should) doIt is suggested that more students should go to university.有人建议应该有更多的学生去上大学。3.My advice/suggestion/request/requiremen
9、t/order/proposal+ is +表语从句(should)do My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是有应该尽可能多地练习说英语。4.His suggestion/advice/request/requirement+ 同位语从句(should )do+ is. The request that they should get more is reasonable.他们得到更多的要求是合理的。5.It is natural/necessary/strange +
10、that从句 (should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。Its strange that he should have missed the train. 真奇怪，这样的一个人竟然是我们的朋友。（表竟然） It is important that we should learn from others.重要的是我们理应向他人学习。（表理应如此）It is a pity that he should not go with us.真遗憾，他不肯跟我们一起走。(表惋惜)6. 虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
11、wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)7.It is (high) time + 从句(did或should do )It is (high) time we w
12、ent/should go home. 我们真该回家了。8.would rather + 从句 (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你现在呆在家里。I would rather you hadnt told her the news.我宁愿你没有把这个消息告诉她。9.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知省去条件从句You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。（省去了“If you had
13、wanted to”，事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）省去主句(常用以表示愿望) If only + 从句 ( did/were与现在相反)/ (would/could/might + do与将来相反) /( had done 与过去相反) “要是就好了” If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世了。)If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)If only he would come tomorrow!要是他明天能来该多好啊！注意：only if是“只要”的
14、意思，从句中用陈述语气。10.as if +从句 (did/were 与现在相反) / (would/could/might + do与将来相反)/( had done 与过去相反) Ive loved you as if you were my relative.我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈起来就像是处了多年的朋友。注意：“as if/as though”引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：It sounds as if it is
15、 raining. 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他似乎是喝醉了。练习、虚拟语气1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might be C. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would ha ve rung him up C. If I knew; would ring h
