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1、英语虚拟语气的用法和诀窍一: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。If he
2、had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, we
3、re 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.=Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.=Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldnt do that.=Were I
4、in your place, I wouldnt do that.5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. But for （“要不是.”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.二: 虚拟
5、语气在从句中用should的情况:1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.His
6、 doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, pr
7、eference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.It was Bills suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable
8、, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.Its natural that she (should) do so.It is essential that we (should) tell her the ne
9、ws.4. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.Have your gun ready in case we should need it.三: wish 后的 that 从句中:1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.I wish I knew his address. I wish I were young.2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, c
10、ould, might + have + 过去分词.I wish you had written to him.I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变.4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you wou
11、ld help me.I wish you would stop asking silly questions.四: 在 Its about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”It is about time you were in bed. It is high time we left.It is the first time I came here.五: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表
12、示“宁愿做什么”I would rather he came tomorrow than today.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.六: 在if only（“如果.就好了”的意思） 感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.If only he didnt drive so fast!(现在)If only she had asked someones advice.(过去)If only the rain would stop.(将来) 七: 在as if / as th
13、ough 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.He speaks as if he were on the spot.She spoke to me as if I were deaf.This device operated as though it had been repaired.注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.He looks as if he is going to be ill.2.在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人
14、做什么事情,用虚拟语气.She insists that she is right.She insisted that I should finish the work at once.一、条件句中的虚拟语气1.非真实条件句中条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。例如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。例如:?If he ha
15、d seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:虚拟情况从句主句 与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反动词过去式should +
16、 动词原形were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 例句1. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。例句2. If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt?have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。例句3.If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。例
