高中英语省略句.doc

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1、 高中英语的省略 为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis)。省略多见于非正式的文体,尤其在对话中,省略一般说来有三个目的: A避免重复,减少累赘。 What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么?An apple. 一个苹果。 B连接紧密,结构紧凑。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者,鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。(Bob后省略了was the winner,句子结构显得比较紧凑)C强调重点

2、,突出信息。 Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗? Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet )一、可省略的成分省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。 A词的省略1冠词的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。 A man and (a) woman are talking in the office. 办公室一男一女正在谈话。 提示: 在英语新闻标题、告示中,经常省略冠词。 People Rebuild

3、Homes After Flood 洪水退后人民重建家园2代词的省略 I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市场,买了点有用的东西,一小时之内就回来了。3连词的省略 I believe (that) you will succeed我相信你们会成功的。 Its a pity (that) hes leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。4关系词的省略 Ill give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 It wasn

4、t I (who) let him in. 不是我放他进来的。5助动词的省略 (Does) Anyone want a drink 有谁要喝一杯吗?6不定式符号的省略 I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。(当几个不定式并列时,一般只需在第一个不定式前用to) What we could do was (to) get away. (主语从句中含有do,那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to) We did not dare (to) speak. 我们不敢说话。(dare作行为动词用时,否定式可省略to) There is

5、 nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外,我们别无他法。(介词but前如有do,but后可省略to)注意: 当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时,后面的不定式一般不省略to。 To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡,这就是问题所在。(莎士比亚)7介词的省略 He went (in) that way. 他往那边去了。 The two boys are (of) the same age. 这两个男孩年龄一样大。 必背: 在下列结构中,介词in常常省略。 be busy (in

6、) doing sth. 忙于做某事 spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 waste energy (in) doing sth. 浪费精力做某事 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 have a good time (in) doing sth. 某事做得非常愉快 have a hard time (in) doing sth. 某事做得很艰难 take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事 It is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用 It is no good (in)

7、doing sth. 做某事无益 There is no hurry (in) doing sth. 不必着急做某事 There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义 There is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用 B句子成分的省略为了避免重复,或为了使某一内容显要,可省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。1省略主语 Hope so. 希望如此。(= I hope so.) Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。(= I beg your pardon.) Take care! 当心!(= You take care.)2省略谓

8、语 Who next 该谁了?(= Who comes next) Just a moment, please. 请等一会儿。(= Just wait a moment, please.) Well do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。(= Well do the best we can do.)3省略表语 Are you ready Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。(am后面省略了表语ready)4省略宾语 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须分析问题解决问题。(analyze后省略了宾语problems

9、)5省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分钱,其余的他都存了起来。(the rest后面省略了定语of the money)6省略状语 (Even) The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聪明的人也不能无所不知。二、省略在句子中的运用在一个句子中,省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到,但后者可能找不到。 A简单句中的省略1依赖上下文的省略,在对话中最为常用。 Like more beer 再要点啤酒吗?(= Would yo

10、u like more beer) Would you mind if I used your telephone 用一下你的电话,你介意吗? Not at all. 一点也不。(= I do not mind at all.) Will he pass this examination他这次考试会通过吗? Probably. 大概会的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)2不依赖于上下文的省略。 All aboard! 请上船。(=All go aboard. 省略谓语) What exciting news! 多么令人激动的消息啊!(= Wh

11、at exciting news it is! 省略主语+谓语) Sounds like a good idea. 听上去是个好主意。(= It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语) B并列句中的省略并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分,常常可以省略掉,以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、谓语动词、宾语或其它成分,或句子成分的一部分。 John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music. 约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。(省略主语) Some books are to be tasted, ot

12、hers (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞食下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。(省略谓语) I have been to Beijing and (I have) seen the Great Wall. 我到过北京,见到了万里长城。(省略主语+助动词) I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to (see the film). 我请他去看电影,但他不想去。(省略作宾语的不定式) I wishe

13、d (to find him), yet feared to find him. 我又想找到他,又怕找到他。 C复合句中的省略 在主从复合句中,省略的现象是很普遍的。在一些状语从句中,如果谓语动词是be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it,常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。 以when, while, once, until等连词引导的时间状语从句 Whenever (it is) possible, you should speak English as much as you can. 在任何可能的时间,你应多讲英语。(省略的主语it并不和主句的主语一致) Please come a

14、s soon as (it is) possible. 请尽快来。 注意: 由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句,如省略了主语和be之后,before和after就成了介词。 The old machine must be checked before it is used. 这台旧机器在使用前必须检查。 【误】The old machine must be checked before used. (动词的-ed形式不可做介词的宾语) 【正】The old machine must be checked before being used. He told me the trut

15、h after he was asked three times. 问了他三遍他才告诉我真相。 【误】He told me the truth after asked three times. 【正】He told me the truth after being asked three times. 以as if, as though等连词引导的方式状语从句 He opened his lips as if (he were going) to say something. 他张开嘴唇,好像要说什么话 以if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句 We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient. 如果方便的话,我们八点钟出发。 Correct the mistake

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