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1、Unit2 English around the world-语法篇_通过本节课的学习掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法（2）-请求与命令直接引语与间接引语的用法（二）直接引语是祈使句当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语要用“tell sb. (not) to do sth.”结构。The teacher said to her mother , “Please give me the book.”The teacher told her mother to give her the book.巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。转述祈使句时，要使祈使句
2、的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not) to do something结构。 He said, “Sit down, please.” 他说：“请坐。”He asked me to sit down. 他让我坐下。 The teacher said, “Dont talk in class! ” 老师说：“上课不要讲话！”The t
3、eacher told us not to talk in class!老师要我们上课不要讲话。 The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火！”The captain ordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵们开火！ The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the middle of the street.”警察对孩子们说：“别在马路中间踢足球。”The policeman warned the children not to play
4、football in the middle of the street.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。在直接引语中变间接引语中指示代词、时间状语和地点状语要有些变化指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化 见下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month)the week (month)beforetwo weeks (month)agot
5、wo weeks (months)beforetomorrowthe next daynext week (month)the next week (month)地点状语herethere动 词comegobringtake1.He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”他说：“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。2.He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。”He sai
6、d they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。3.Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说：“我下个月回来。”Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。4.He said, “It is nine oclock now.”他说：“现在九点了。”He said that it was nine oclock then.他说那时九点了。5.He said, “I havent seen her to
7、day.”他说：“今天我没见到她。”He said that he hadnt seen her that day .他说那天他没有见到她。6.She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。7.She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.”她说：“明天我将去那儿。”She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。8. He said, “My
8、 sister was here three days ago.”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here there; ago before)9.She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（come go；here there；this that）以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时
9、间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Father said,“I am free this afternoon ”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。”Father said that he was free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。”He said
10、 that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。巧记: 当直接引语为陈述句，主句为过去时，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。She said ,”My brother doesnd want to go there.”She said that her brother didnt want to come here.例 1. -He said to his young sister, “You may come with me.”(改为间接引语) -He told his young sist
11、er that _with him.A.you may come B. you might goC. she might comeD.she might go解析：本题考查直接引语变为间接引语，引语中的时态为一般现在时，所以在间接引语中要用一般过去时，所以may要改为might。在引语中主语为第二人称“you”要与主句中的宾语保持一致，所以要改为“she”。由此可知本题答案。答案：C例 2. He said, “I live here”. He said that he lived_.A. there B. here C.in there D.at there解析：本题考查直接引语变为间接引语
12、。地点状语要发生改变相应的变化，地点状语here,要改为there.答案：A例3.Mother said that _would do all washing herself.A. she B. her C. weD.I解析：根据从句中的herself可知，此处转述妈妈自己的情况，所以要用she。例4(2015北京高考).Itrulybelieve_beautycomesfromwithin.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why解析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心!本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that
13、起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。例5(2014天津)_IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A.ThatB. WhichC. WhetherD. What答案D解析考查名词性从句。what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语。that引导主语从句但不作任何成分；which表示哪一个；whether表示是否。基础演练一单项选择。( )1.（2015安徽高考）Ashipinharborissafe,butthatsnot_shipsarebuiltA.whatB.whomC.whyD.when( )2.( 2015重庆高考)Wemustfindout_Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why( )3.（2015四川）8.Theexhibitiontellsus_weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.A.whereB.whyC.whatD.which( )4.Yesterday she told me that she had met her aunt _.A. for two yearsB. two years beforeC. two years ag
