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1、被动语态一、考点、热门回顾【词汇辨析】1. across,through穿过across指从必定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg:Theywalkacrossthebridge.他们步行走过了这座桥。through重视从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、丛林等。eg:Hewalksthroughthepark.他步行穿过公园。2. ill，sick“生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语eg:Hermotherwasillinbed.sick既可作表语eg:Hermotherwassickinbed.也可作定语eg:Jane
2、istakingcareofhersickmother.若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”eg:anillperson一个歹人sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“eg:Theboyalwaysfeelssickwhenhetravelsbycar.【固定搭配】动词+名词/代词/副词+介词makeroomfor给.腾出地方eg:Wecanmakeroomforheratthistable.playajokeon捉弄人；对人恶作剧eg:Wecantplayajokeonlaw.speakhighlyof夸赞eg:Thecustomsspeakhighlyoftheirqualityofse
3、rvice.saygoodbyeto告别；告别eg:Idontwanttosaygoodbyetothem.takeanactivepartin踊跃参加eg:Theytakeanactivepartinschoolactivities.takecareof照顾；照顾；注意eg:CouldyoutakecareofmyplantswhileImonvacation?【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语态是经过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。比方：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeop
4、le来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。比方：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是经过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般此刻时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般未来时：willshallbespoken此刻进行时：amisarebeingspoken过去进行时：was/werebeingspoken此刻完成时：havehasbeenspoke
5、n1过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必需说明动作的执行者是谁。比方：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥完工于1981年。（ 2）重申动作的承受者，而不重申动作的执行者。比方：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业一定及时完成。（四）主动语态
6、变被动语态的方法（ 1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（ 2）把谓语变为被动结构（be过去分词）（依据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及本来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（ 3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by以后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。比方：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.Atreewascutdownbyhim.（五）含有神态动词的被动语态含有神态
7、动词的主动句变为被动句时，由“神态动词be过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays. Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce. Itshouldbedoneatonce.（六）特别状况1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday. Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV. IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.3.JackgavePeteraC
8、hristmaspresentjustnow.（1）AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.（2）PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.常有的句型结构：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家赞同（相信、决定、希望、以为）.Itis(was)wellknownthat.众所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat.被视为自然Itmustberememberedthat.务必记住.Itmustntbefor
9、gottenthat.千万别忘掉.Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.听闻(报导、听闻、见告、建议.)2二、典型例题（）1TheOlympicGames_everyfouryears.AareheldBwereheld（）2.Intheartshow，alotofenjoyment_CareholdingDwillho1d_toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintingsAisgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven（）3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandm
10、orepopular.It_in.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught（）4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,_asPeoplesWriter.A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards（）5.Usuallycomputers_tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）6.-Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.
11、Ourclassroom_everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleaned（）7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?一 YesInfact，it_.ThatsallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaroundApollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedDwaspo11ute（）8.-Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.-Youreright.ButthankstoEarthDay_,peoplehavedonemoreand
12、moreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted（）9.-IfeelveryhappythatI_tobethehost.-Congratulations!A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen（）10.Manytreesandflowers_inourschoollastyear，andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgardenAplantBplantedChaveplantedDwereplante
13、d（）11.Somefamouspaintings_inthehallnextweek.A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshown（）12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives（）13.-Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.-Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeen_thesedays.A.turnedupB.putupC.shownupD.fixedup（）14.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed（）15.Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?3Yes,ourclassroom_everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.Cleaned三、课后练习（）1Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyare
