2015中考英语语法动词分类试题.doc

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1、专题八 动词的分类一 中考回放1.【2014甘肃白银】It only _ me half an hour _ to school every day last term. A. takes; riding B. spent; to ride C. cost; walk D. took; to walk2.【2013天津】Where are you going this month ? We _ go to Xiamen , but were not sure . A.neednt B.must C.might D.mustnt 3. 【2013.河南】 If you want to chang

2、e the world , you have to _ yourself first . A.enjoy B.check C.help D.change 4. 【2013.重庆】Hurry up , or you _ catch the train . A.cant B.neednt C.mustnt D.shouldnt 5.【2014菏泽】How do you like the fish I cooked for you? I havent had it yet. However, it _ good. A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. feels6.【20

3、14鄂州】 A new shop _ for a week nearby. Lets have a look there. Good idea. But it doesnt _ on Mondays. A. opened; opened B. has been opened; open C. has opened; opened D. has been open; open【2014.河南】Choosing the right circle of friends will _ us a lot of troubles , heartaches and possibly a life of de

4、ep regret . A.save B.share C.keep D.bring 8.【2014兰州】There _ a girl singing next door. Cant you hear her beautiful voice ? A.must be B.must have C.cant be D.cant have 9.【2014泰安】What _ the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them _ from the countryside. A. is; are B.

5、 is: is C. are; is D. are: are 【答案】A10.【2014.烟台】Learning Chinese really _ my mind to the Chinese culture . A.called up B.turned up C.opened up D.made up 二2015年中考考点解读动词一般分为四大类:行为动词,助动词,系动词和情态动词 ,(一) 行为动词行为动词又称实义动词,在句中可独立作谓语。按其性质可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1. 及物动词及物动词本身意思不完整,需要接宾语才能表达完整的意思。常用的结构有:(1) 动词+宾语结构 例:The

6、students are planting trees . 学生们正在植树。(2) 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 例:Can you give me some advice on how to improve my English ? 你能给我一些提高英语的建议吗?注意:可以代双宾语的动词有:give, bring ,buy ,take , get , leave ,lend , make , offer , pass ,teach ,tell, write , read ,return 等。(3) 动词+宾语+宾语补足语例:I heard your daughter singing in the

7、 next room at nine last night . 昨天晚上九点钟我听见你女儿在隔壁房间唱歌。注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let ,have , see , watch , notice , hear,feel ,listen to ,look at 等。2. 不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,不直接接宾语。如果接宾语常有下列搭配形式构成动词短语:(1) 不及物动词+介词+宾语例:Look at the blackboard and listen to me carefully . (2) 不及物动词+宾语+副词 (若宾语是名词,可位于副词前或后

8、;若宾语是代词,只能位于副词前)例:The TV is too noisy . Please turn it off . Its cold outside now . You had better put on your coat . (3) 动词+副词+介词例:We are looking forward to your coming . 我们正期待着你的到来。注意:动词短语的宾语只能位于介词之后。 行为动词按照动作可否持续性,可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。1. 延续性动词延续性动词表示可延续一段时间的动作或状态,可与一段时间连用。常用的延续性动词有:be , drink , fly , e

9、at , keep , lie , live , rain , smoke , have , wear , do , work , Study , teach , stay 等。 例:I have kept the books for two weeks . 我借这本书两周了。Mr Black has lived in London for more than twenty years . 布莱克先生已经住在伦敦20多年。2. 短暂性动词短暂性动词又称非延续动词或终止性动词,即动作已经发生立即结束。短暂性动词在肯定句中不可与时间段连用。常见的短暂性动词有:buy , borrow , lend

10、 , die , arrive , leave , finish , stop , start , begin , join , go , come , marry , reach , open , close 等。例:The film began five minutes ago . 电影五分钟前就开始了。 注意:当短暂性动词表示的含义需与时间段连用时,此时要把短暂性动词替换成对应的延续性动词。例:buyhave ; borrow keep ; diebe dead ; finishbe over ; startbe on ; joinbe in /a member of 等。 动词的基本形

11、式绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。1. 第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同:(1) 一般情况下只在动词后加s,例:workworks, writewrites。(2) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词,后加es。 例:guessguesses, mixmix, finishfinishes, catchcatches。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i加es 。 例:studystudies。注:不规则变化的有havehas, beis, gog

12、oes, dodoes等。2. 现在分词的构成(1) 一般情况下在动词后加ing。 例:studystudying, workworking。(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加ing。 例:writewriting, movemoving。(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾的辅音字母,再加ing 。例:getgetting, beginbeginning。(4)以ie结尾的动词,一般将ie变为y,再加ing 。 例:lielying, diedying, tietying。注:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l。例:controlcontrolling;尾音节

13、不重读时,双不双写都可以,例:traveltraveling (美) /travelling (英) 。3. 过去式和过去分词的构成(1)一般情况词尾直接加ed,例:askasked, workworked。(2)以不发音的e结尾,只加d,例:loveloved, dancedanced。(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ed,例:trytried, studystudied。来源:学#科#网(4)以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双末尾一个字母,再加ed,例:stopstopped, permitpermitted。注:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如contr

14、olcontrolled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如traveltraveled(美) /traveled(英) 。此外,有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不遵循上述规则,需要单独熟记。(二)助动词助动词本身无词义或意义不完全,不能单独做谓语,必须和别的动词连用构成时态,语态,否定或疑问句式结构。最常用的助动词有:be, have,has ,had, do,does,did, shall, will等。1. 助动词be (am , is , are , was , were )(1) be +动词现在分词,构成现在进行时态。例:He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告。(2) be +及物动词过去分词,构成被动语态。例:He was sent to England for further study. 他被派往英国深造。2. 助动词have (has , had )(1) .have /has /had +动词过去分词,构成现在/过去完成时态。例:He has made a plan for the trip . 他已经为旅行制定了计划。

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