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1、学位英语阅读理解Passage1Directions:Readthispassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA,B,C,orDandmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswersheet.Perhapstheaspectofbutterflydiversitythathasreceivedthemostattentionoverthepastcenturyisthestrikingdifferenceinspeciesrichnessbetweentropicala
2、ndtemperateregions.Forexample,in1875onebiologistpointedoutthediversityofbutterfliesintheAmazonwhenhementionedthatabout700specieswerefoundwithinanhourswalk.Europesupportedonly321.Thisearlycomparisonoftropicalandtemperatebutterflyrichnesshasbeenwellconfirmed.Ageneraltheoryofdiversitywouldhavetopredict
3、notonlythisdifferencebetweentemperateandtropicalzones,butalsopatternswithineachregion,andhowthesepatternsvaryamongdifferentanimalandplantgroups.However,forbutterflies,variationofspeciesrichnesswithintemperateortropicalregions,ratherthanbetweenthem,ispoorlyunderstood.Indeed,comparisonsofnumbersofspec
4、iesamongtheAmazonbasin,tropicalAsia,andAfricaarestillmostly“personalcommunication”citations,evenforvertebrates.Inotherwords,unlikecomparisonbetweentemperateandtropicalareas,thesepatternsarestillinthedocumentationphase.Indocumentinggeographicalvariationinbutterflydiversity,somearbitrary,practicaldeci
5、sionsaremade.Diversity,numberofspecies,andspeciesrichnessareusedsynonymously;littleisknownabouttheevennessofbutterflydistribution.TheNewWorldbutterfliesmakeupthepreponderanceonthem,theerrorsgeneratedbyimperfectandincompletetaxonomywillbeminimized.1. Whichaspectofbutterfliesdoesthepassagemainlydiscus
6、s?A. Theirphysicalcharacteristics.B. Theirnames.C. Theiradaptationtodifferenthabitats.D. Theirvariety.2. Thewordstrikinginline2isclosestinmeaningto_.A. physicalB. confusingC. noticeableD. successful3. AllofthefollowingarementionedasbeingimportantpartsofageneraltheoryofdiversityEXCEPT_.A. differences
7、betweentemperateandtropicalzonesB. patternsofdistributionofspeciesineachregionC. migrationamongtemperateandtropicalzonesD. variationofpatternsofdistributionofspeciesamongdifferentanimalsandplants4. TheauthormentionstropicalAsiainparagraph2asanexampleofalocationwhere_.A. butterflybehaviorvarieswithcl
8、imateB. ageneraltheoryofbutterflydiversityhasnotyetbeenfirmlyestablishedC. butterfliesareaffectedbyhumanpopulationsD. documentingplantspeciesismoredifficultthandocumentingbutterflyspecies5. WhichofthefollowingisNOTwellunderstoodbybiologists?A. Europeanbutterflyhabitats.B. Differencesinspeciesrichnes
9、sbetweentemperateandtropicalregions.C.Differencesinspeciesrichnesswithinatemperateoratropicalregion.D.Comparisonsofbehaviorpatternsofbutterfliesandcertainanimalgroups.Passage1答案：1-5DCCBCPassage2Directions:Readthispassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA,B,C,orDandmarkthe
10、correspondingletteronyourAnswersheet.ThetwomostobviouschangesinAmericaneconomyaretheemergenceofahighlysophisticatedtechnologyandtheroseofgiantcorporations.Inaddition,marketforceshavelostsomeoftheirsignificanceasplanninghasbecomemoreimportant.Thegovernmenthasassumedagreatlychangedroleintheeconomy.Pro
11、pertyrelationshipsanddecision-makingpowerhaveshifted.Thedemandforhighlyeducatedspecialistshasincreasedenormously.WemaythinkoftheAmericaneconomyasconsistingoftwocompletelydifferentsectors.Theworldofthegiantcorporations,whichcanbecalledtheindustrialsystem,consistsof500or600firmsthatprovidenearlyallcom
12、munications,nearlyallproductionanddistributionofelectricpower,muchtransportation,mostmanufacturingandmining,asubstantialshareofretailtrade,andaconsiderableamountofentertainment.Outsideofthisindustrialsystemfallmostagriculturalenterprises,someminingandtrucking,professionalandartisticpursuits,somereta
13、iltrade,andmostpersonalanddomesticservices.Theclassicaleconomicallawsofthemarket-supplyanddemand,andsoonstillapplytosomedegree.Buttodaytheindustrialsectorischaracterizedformorebyplanningandcertaintythanbythefreeplayofmarketforces.Itappearsthatitcouldscarcelybeotherwise.Inlargecorporationswithadvance
14、dtechnologicalsystemsandcomplexorganizationsofhighlytrainedspecialists,plansforproducinganyoneitemaremadewellinadvance.Suchplans,oncemade,arehardtochange.Becauselong-termplanningdemandscertainty,marketforcesareavoidedbyvariousmeans.Forexample,thecorporationmayachieveverticalintegrationbybuyingcompan
15、iesthatsupplyrawmaterialsatoneendoftheprocessanddistributionoutletsattheother.Corporationsmayagreeonjustpricesforthingstheybuyandsell.Theymayentermutuallyadvantageouslong-termcontractswithsuppliesandcustomers.Moreover,intheirquestforcertaintytheygenerallyhavethesupportofthestate.1. Whyisthereanincre
16、asingdemandforhighlyeducatedspecialists?A. Becausethegovernmentcannotdealwiththechangedeconomy.B. Becausethegiantcorporationswishtoexertmorepowerbyhavingthespecialists.C. Becausethedevelopmentoftechnologyandeconomyrequiremoreknowledge.D. Becausemarketforcesareincreasinglyuncontrollable.2. TheAmericangiant
