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1、近年高考试题中情态动词的用法 杨国平情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语(有其它助动词时放在它们前面)。can, could1) 表示能力(包括体力、知识、技能)e. g. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they can. (201
2、1四川)No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. (2011湖南)be able to也表示“能够”（be able to用在基本助动词后面，有时态变化）：Ill not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“有困难但经过努力得以做成某事”时应用be able to，不能用can：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示请求许可和允许。e. g. Can I go
3、now? Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. (No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示理论上的可能性。e. g. Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示对可能性的推测或惊讶、怀疑、不相
4、信的态度(用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中)e. g. Being a child, how can this be true that he has got a driving license?You cant be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! (2008浙江)It cant be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. (2011江西)may, might1) 表示请求许可和允许。(might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can或mustnt，表示“不可以
5、，禁止”。)e. g. May / Might I take this book out of the room? Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt.) May I take the book out? Im afraid not. (2010四川)(用May I .？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I .？在口语中更常见。)2）祈使句中表示祝愿。e. g. May you succeed!3) 表示对事实上的可能性的推测 或许，也许（不用于疑问句）。(might所表示的可能性比may小)e. g. Some people who dont l
6、ike to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people. (09安徽) I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He might not come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. (2011北京) What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones co
7、ncert. (2013重庆)must, have to1) 表示法律、规章或形势的要求：必须、必要、一定。e. g. Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here. (09湖南) I cant leave. She told me that I must stay here until she comes back. (09全国) I have told you the truth. Must I keep repeating it? (2010江西) Shall I inform him of the change
8、of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建)在回答问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt (禁止，不准)，而用neednt, dont have to (不必)。 Must we hand in our exercise books today? No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要 (must只有一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式)e. g.
9、The play isnt interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示说话人的对事情的可能性的非常有把握的主观推测（只用于肯定的陈述句）e. g. Your mother must be waiting for you now. Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now. (09重庆) Good morning. Ive got an appointment
10、 with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good morning. You must be Mrs. Peters. (2010北京)“You must have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” (2010浙江)4) 表示尽管说话人不赞成但允许做某事 “偏要、非得要”e. g. Could I have a word with you, mum?Oh dear, if you must. If you must smoke, please go
11、outside. (2011全国II) If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. (2011辽宁)5) 口语疑问句中表示令人恼火的行为 “非要”e. g. John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour? (05全国) Must you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. (2012重庆)dare (敢), need1) dare作情
12、态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。e. g. How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。e. g. Need I finish the work today?
13、Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.注意：dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。e. g. I dare to swim across this river. He doesnt dare (to) answer.He needs to finish his homework today.shall, should1) shall (用于第一人称)征求对方的意见(让对方决定) e. g. Whats th
14、e name?Khulaifi. Shall I spell that for you? (2006北京)2) shall (用于第二、三人称)表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁或法律/规章要求。e. g. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. You shall have it by Friday. (2010江苏) Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You shall have one if yo
15、u go to bed as soon as possible. (2011陕西) One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. (2012辽宁)will, would1) 表示请求、提供或邀请(问某人是否愿意做某事/要某物)，有时表提出建议或征求建议(would比will更委婉客气)e. g. Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?Would you like a coffee? (要不要)Were going to the theatre this evening. Would you be interested in coming?What would you do if you were in my posit
