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1、英语构词法-派生词派生词多数是由词根(Base)加后缀(Suffixes)构成。构成名词的后缀常用的有下面这些:1后缀例词-erthinkerharvesterpain-killereye-opener-oractorsailor transistorsemi-conductor-istMarxistscientistdentistBuddhist-eeemployeetraineerefereetrustee-esshostessactresswaitresslioness-ianmagicianmusiciantechnicianphysician-eseChineseJapanesePo
2、rtuguesePekinese-antinhabitantcontestantlubricantdependant-ismsocialismracismheroismoptimism-nessillnesshappinessgreatnesscoldness-(a)tiondictationpreparationexceptionrepetition-mentmovementargumentjudgementgovernment-ionexpansiondiscussionrevisiondecision-ingbuildingfeelingpaintingwedding-shipleade
3、rshipfriendshipscholarshiphardship-hoodchildhoodfalsehoodlikelihoodmotherhood-ageshortagemarriageleakageshrinkage-urefailurepressurepleasureseizure-domfreedomkingdommartyrdomofficialdom-tyloyaltycrueltysafetypenalty-ityactivityrealityhumiditypossibility-ymodestydifficultydiscoveryinquiry-thtruthwarm
4、thhealthlength-alrefusaldenialapprovalarrival-anceacceptanceallowanceassistancereliance-encedependenceconfidencedifferencereference-fulmouthfulhandfulplatefulbusful-ryjewelrybriberyslaveryrivalry-eerengineermountaineerauctioneerprofiteer-ettecigarettekichenetteusherettedinnerette-letbookletleafletpi
5、gletstarlet-atedoctorateconsulateelectoratesulphate构成形容词的后缀常用的有下面形式:后缀例词-fulcheerfulusefulgratefulfaithful-lesscarelesshomelessfearlessmotherless-ishchildishreddishSwedishselfish-iveactivecollectivedecisivedestructive-ouscourageousfamouscontinuouserroneous-ableacceptableagreeableapplicablecomfortabl
6、e-icrealisticpoetichistoricenergetic-antignorantsignificantdefiantobservant-lyfriendlyleisurelylivelydaily-alcriticalaccidentalcontinualexceptional-yrainyhandythirstydirty-entdifferentdependentconsistentobedient-aryimaginaryrevolutionaryhonorarysecondary-sometroublesomeburdensomelonesometiresome-lik
7、echildlikewomanlikewarlikemanlike-engoldenwoodenearthenwoolen-edlandedmoneyedculturedtalented-atefortunateaffectionatecollegiatepassionate-anEuropeanIndianAmericanCanadian注:有些形容词有-ic和-ial两种词尾,意思不尽相同,例如:a classic performance 难忘的演出 classical music 古典音乐a comic masterpiece 喜剧杰作 comical behavior 滑稽的举动an
8、economic miracle 经济上的奇迹 economical arragement 节约的安排a historic building 有历史意义的建筑 historical research 史学研究an electric fan 电扇 electrical energy 电能此外,还有构成动词、副词和数词的后缀:后缀 例词 动词-izerealizenormalizemodernizemechanize-enwidenhastenstrengthenlengthen-ifybeautifysimplifyamplifydiversify-atehyphenateactivatemot
9、ivateoriginate副词-lyreallyhappilysimplyterribly-wardonwardbackwardeastwardhomeward-wiselikewiseclockwiseotherwiselengthwise数词-teenfourteenfifteen-tyfortyfifty-thninthtwelfth前缀(prefiles) 一般不造成词类的转变,而只是引起意思上的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词:前缀 意思 例词 un-不unhappyuntrueuncomfortable做相反动作undressundounpackdis-不dislikedis
10、honestdisagree做相反动作disowndisinfectdisconnectin-不informalinaccurateinconvenientim-不immoralimpoliteimpossibleir-不 irregularirresistibleirresponsibleil-不illegalillogicalillegitimatenon-不,非non-existentnon-conductornon-interferencede-向相反方向发展defrostdecentralizedemobilize另外还有一些表示其他意思的前缀:前缀 意思 例词 re-重新retel
11、lredesignrewritemis-错误地misspellmisinformmisunderstandco-共同co-existco-operateco-editorcounter-反counteractcounter-attackcounter-revolutionaryanti-反(对),防anti-tankanti-fascistanti-clockwisepro-亲pro-Frenchpro-Britishpro-Common Marketover-过于overdoover-esitimateoversimplifyunder-不够underfeedunder-estimateun
12、derpayex-前ex-husbandex-presidentex-servicemanpre-预先,之前的prefabricatepre-liberationpre-schoolpost-在之后的post-warpost-electionpost-graduatefore-预先,前foretellforelegforefrontself-自动,自我self-starterself-serviceself-correctingmal-不良的maltreatmalfunctionmalnutritionsuper-超级,上层supermansupermarketsuperstructuresu
13、b-下面的subwaysubdividesubconsciousinter-之间的,互相internationalinteractinter-continentaltele-远距离的telescopetelephonetelevisiontrans-跨越,移transatlantictransplanttrans-Siberianpseudo-伪,假pseudoclassicismpseudoscientificpseudointellectualarch-头号的,大的archbishoparch-enemyarchangelmicro-微型,缩微microfilmmicrobiologymicrocomputermini-特小的minibusminiskirtminicabhype